ʻenehana uhi lole

Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka ʻenehana deposition PVD no nā makahiki he nui ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana hoʻololi hou i ka ʻili, ʻoi aku ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ion vacuum, i loaʻa i ka hoʻomohala nui i nā makahiki i hala iho nei a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia i kēia manawa i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hana, molds, piston apo, gears a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. .ʻO nā mea i uhi ʻia i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e ka ʻenehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka ion e hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka coefficient friction, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka anti-wear a me kekahi anti-corrosion, a ua lilo ia i mea koʻikoʻi a me ka wela o ka noiʻi ma ke kahua o ka ʻenehana hoʻoikaika kino.

ʻO nā mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hana ka mea nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kila, ke kila hoʻolei, ka hao hao, nā metala non-ferrous (keleawe, aluminika) a me nā plastics.ʻO ke kila ka nui o 45 kila, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl.ʻO ke kila kalapona haʻahaʻa i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻia ʻana o ke kila forged i nā mīkini ma muli o kāna hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoiai ke hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ke kila hoʻolei ʻia e hana i nā mea hana me ke anawaena> 400mm a me ke ʻano paʻakikī.Hoʻolei i ka hao hao anti-glue a me ka pitting resistance, akā ʻo ka nele o ka hopena a me ke kūʻē ʻana, ka mea nui no ka hana paʻa, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa ka mana a i ʻole ka nui a me ke ʻano paʻakikī, hiki ke hana ma lalo o ke kūlana o ka nele o ka lubrication, kūpono no ka wehe. hoʻoili.ʻO nā metala non-ferrous i hoʻohana mau ʻia he keleawe keleawe, alumini-hao keleawe a me ka hoʻolei ʻana i ka alumini alumini, i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā turbines a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hana, akā maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​waiwai sliding a me nā anti-friction, no ka māmā, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka wikiwiki. nā kāʻei.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hana non-metallic i kekahi mau māla me nā koi kūikawā, e like me ka lubrication ʻole o ka aila a me ka hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ke kahua o nā kūlana e like me ka pollution haʻahaʻa, e like me nā mea hana hale, nā mea lapaʻau, nā mīkini meaʻai a me nā mīkini textile.

ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa lole

ʻO nā mea hana seramika ʻenehana he mea hoʻohiki maikaʻi loa me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka wela, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa oxidation.Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi helu nui o nā haʻawina ʻo nā mea seramika he mea pale i ka wela a he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā metala.No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea seramika ma kahi o nā mea metala no nā ʻāpana ʻaʻahu hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola o ka friction sub, hiki ke hoʻokō i kekahi o nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea pale lole kiʻekiʻe, multi-functional a me nā koi paʻakikī ʻē aʻe.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hana seramika i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana wela wela, ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka mīkini i nā ʻāpana lole, nā mea kemika i nā ʻāpana corrosion a me nā ʻāpana hoʻopaʻa ʻana, e hōʻike nui ana i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā mea seramika.

ʻO nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia e like me Kelemānia, Iapana, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, United Kingdom a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e hoʻopili nui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea seramika ʻenekinia, hoʻopukapuka kālā he nui a me nā limahana e hoʻomohala i ka ʻenehana hana a me ka ʻenehana o ka ʻenekinia seramika.Ua hoʻokumu ʻo Kelemania i kahi papahana i kapa ʻia ʻo "SFB442", ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana PVD e synthesize i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūpono ma ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana e hoʻololi i ka mea lubricating hiki ke pōʻino i ke kaiapuni a me ke kino kanaka.Ua hoʻohana ʻo PW Gold a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ma Kelemania i ke kālā mai SFB442 e hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana PVD e waiho i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi ma luna o ka ʻili o nā bearings rolling a ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hana anti-wear o nā bearings rolling a hiki i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻili ke hoʻololi loa i ka. hana o nā mea hoʻohui anti-wear kiʻekiʻe.ʻO Joachim, Franz et al.ma Kelemania i hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana PVD no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni WC/C e hōʻike ana i nā waiwai anti-fatigue maikaʻi loa, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā lubricants i loaʻa nā mea hoʻohui EP, kahi hopena e like me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mea hoʻohui ʻino me nā uhi.E. Lugscheider et al.o ka Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Aachen, Germany, me ka loaʻa kālā mai ka DFG (GermanResearch Commission), i hōʻike i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka luhi luhi ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kūpono ma 100Cr6 kila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana PVD.Eia hou, ua hoʻomaka ka United States General Motors i kāna ʻano VolvoS80Turbo type car gear surface deposition film e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka luhi pitting resistance;ua hoʻokumu ka hui kaulana ʻo Timken i ka inoa ES200 gear surface film;ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻopaʻa inoa inoa inoa MAXIT gear coating ma Kelemānia;ʻO ka inoa inoa inoa inoa inoa ʻo Graphit-iC a me Dymon-iC ʻo ia hoʻi nā kāhiko Gear me nā inoa inoa inoa inoa ʻo Graphit-iC a me Dymon-iC i loaʻa pū ma UK.

Ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka mīkini, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā gears i ka ʻoihana, no laila he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi ke aʻo ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea seramika ma nā mea hana.I kēia manawa, ʻo nā seramika ʻenekinia i hoʻohana ʻia i nā gears ka mea maʻamau.

1、TiN uhi uhi
1、TiN

ʻO ka Ion coating TiN ceramic layer kekahi o nā mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻili i hoʻololi ʻia me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika adhesion kiʻekiʻe, ka coefficient haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO ke kumu nui e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uhi seramika ma nā gears ʻo ia ka pilikia paʻa ma waena o ka uhi seramika a me ka substrate.No ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kūlana hana a me nā mea hoʻohālikelike o nā mea hana ma mua o nā mea hana a me nā molled, ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi uhi TiN hoʻokahi i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili.ʻOiai ʻo ka uhi ʻana i ka ceramic ka maikaʻi o ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ka liʻiliʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, he brittle a paʻakikī ke loaʻa i kahi uhi ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, no laila pono ia i kahi substrate paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe e kākoʻo i ka uhi i mea e pāʻani ai i kona mau hiʻohiʻona.No laila, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka uhi seramika no ka carbide a me ka ʻili kila kiʻekiʻe.He palupalu ka mea e hoʻohālikelike ai i ka mea seramika, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke ʻano o ka substrate a me ka uhi ʻana he nui, no laila ʻilihune ka hui ʻana o ka uhi a me ka substrate, a ʻaʻole lawa ka uhi ʻana e kākoʻo i ka uhi ʻana, e hana ana. e hāʻule maʻalahi ka uhi ʻana i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke pāʻani wale i nā mea maikaʻi o ka uhi seramika, akā ʻo nā ʻāpana seramika e hāʻule ana e hoʻoulu i ka ʻaʻahu abrasive ma ke kaʻa, e wikiwiki ana i ka nalowale o ka lole.ʻO ka hopena o kēia manawa, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana lapaʻau honua composite e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pilina ma waena o ka ceramic a me ka substrate.ʻO ka ʻenehana lapaʻau ʻili i hui pū ʻia i ka hui ʻana o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mahu kino a me nā kaʻina hana lapaʻau ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​uhi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao/lalo e hoʻololi i ka ʻili o ka mea substrate e loaʻa ai nā waiwai mechanical composite ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia e kahi kaʻina hana lapaʻau hoʻokahi. .ʻO ka uhi hoʻohuihui ʻo TiN i waiho ʻia e ka nitriding ion a ʻo PVD kekahi o nā mea i noiʻi nui ʻia.ʻO ka plasma nitriding substrate a me ka TiN ceramic composite coating he paʻa paʻa a hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu.

ʻO ka mānoanoa maikaʻi loa o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo TiN me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka waihona kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma kahi o 3 ~ 4μm.Inā emi ka mānoanoa o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma mua o 2μm, ʻaʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ka pale ʻana o ka lole.Inā ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka papa kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma mua o 5μm, e hoʻemi ʻia ka paʻa kumu kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

2、Multi-layer, multi-component TiN uhi

Me ka hoʻohana lohi a me ka laha ʻana o nā uhi TiN, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā noiʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā uhi TiN.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻāpana multi-component a me nā multilayer coatings ma muli o ka binary TiN coatings, e like me Ti-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix, Cr1-x)N, TiN / Al2O3, a me nā mea'ē aʻe Ma ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā mea e like me Al a me Si i nā uhi TiN, hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kū'ēʻana i ka wela wela a me ka paʻakikī o nā pale, aʻo ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā mea e like me B hiki ke hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika adhesion o nā pale.

Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka haku mele multicomponent, nui nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma kēia haʻawina.Ma ke aʻo ʻana o (Tix,Cr1-x)N nā ʻāpana multicomponent, aia kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ma nā hopena noiʻi.Manaʻo kekahi poʻe ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā uhi (Tix,Cr1-x)N ma TiN, a hiki ke noho wale ʻo Cr ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻololi paʻa paʻa i loko o ke kiko kiko TiN, akā ʻaʻole ma ke ʻano he māhele CrN kaʻawale.Hōʻike nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe he palena ka helu o nā ʻātoma Cr e pani pono ana i nā ʻātoma Ti i (Tix,Cr1-x)N, a aia ke koena Cr ma ka mokuʻāina hoʻokahi a i ʻole nā ​​​​hui pū me N. Hōʻike nā hopena hoʻokolohua i ka hoʻohui ʻana o Cr. i ka uhi e ho'ēmi i ka nui o ka ili a hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī, a hiki i ka paʻakikī o ka uhi i kona waiwai kiʻekiʻe ke hiki i ka nui o ka Cr ke 3l%, akā hiki i ke koʻikoʻi o loko o ka uhi ke hiki i kona waiwai kiʻekiʻe.

3、O kekahi papa uhi

Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana maʻamau ʻo TiN coatings, hoʻohana ʻia nā seramika ʻenehana like ʻole no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻili.

(1)Y.Terauchi et al.Ua aʻo ʻo Iapana i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka lole frictional o ka titanium carbide a i ʻole titanium nitride ceramic gears i waiho ʻia e ke ʻano deposition vapor.Ua kālai ʻia a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā mea hana no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili e pili ana i ka HV720 a me ka ʻili o ka 2.4 μm ma mua o ka uhi ʻana, a ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā ʻāpana seramika e ka chemical vapor deposition (CVD) no ka titanium carbide a me ka physical vapor deposition (PVD) no ka. titanium nitride, me ka mānoanoa seramika ma kahi o 2 μm.Ua noiʻi ʻia nā ʻano ʻaʻahu frictional ma ke alo o ka ʻaila a me ka friction maloʻo, kēlā me kēia.Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ke kūʻē ʻana a me ke kūʻē ʻana o ka vice gear ma hope o ka uhi ʻana me ka ceramic.

(2) Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka uhi hoʻohuihui o Ni-P a me TiN i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kemika e ka uhi mua ʻana iā Ni-P ma ke ʻano he papa hoʻololi a laila waiho iā TiN.Hōʻike ke aʻo ʻana ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili o kēia hoʻohuihui i kekahi ʻano, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana me ka substrate a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana.

(3) WC/C, B4C kiʻi lahilahi
M. Murakawa et al., Keʻena o Mechanical 'enekinia, Iapana Institute o Technology, ua hoʻohana PVD 'enehana e waiho WC / C lahilahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma luna o ka ili o na gears, a me kona ola lawelawe he ekolu manawa o ka maʻamau kinai 'ia a me ka lepo gears ma lalo o ka aila- nā kūlana lubrication manuahi.ʻO Franz J et al.ua hoʻohana i ka ʻenehana PVD e waiho i ka WC/C a me B4C kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi ma ka ʻili o FEZ-A a me FEZ-C gears, a ua hōʻike ka hoʻokolohua ʻo ka uhi ʻana o ka PVD i hoʻemi nui i ka friction gear, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka mīkini i ka gluing wela a i ʻole gluing. a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke amo i ka ukana.

(4) Nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrN
Ua like nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrN me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni TiN no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrN, a ʻoi aku ke kūpaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrN i ka oxidation wela kiʻekiʻe ma mua o TiN, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, haʻahaʻa ke koʻikoʻi kūloko ma mua o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni TiN, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Chen Ling et i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni ʻo TiAlCrN/CrN me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni maikaʻi loa ma luna o ka ʻili o HSS, a ua manaʻo pū kekahi i ke kumumanaʻo dislocation stacking o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni multilayer, inā nui ka ʻokoʻa o ka ikehu dislocation ma waena o nā papa ʻelua, hiki mai ka dislocation. ma ka papa hoʻokahi e paʻakikī ke hele i kona interface i loko o ka papa ʻē aʻe, no laila e hana ai i ka dislocation stacking ma ka interface a pāʻani i ke kuleana o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mea.Ua aʻo ʻo Zhong Bin et i ka hopena o ka maʻiʻo nitrogen ma ke ʻano o ka pae a me nā waiwai frictional ʻaʻahu o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CrNx, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka haʻawina ua nāwaliwali ka piko Cr2N (211) i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka piko CrN (220) me ka piʻi. o ka maʻiʻo N2, ua emi mālie nā ʻāpana nui ma ka ʻili kiʻiʻoniʻoni a ua palahalaha ka ʻili.I ka 25 ml/min o ka aeration N2 (ʻo 75 A ke kumu arc o kēia manawa, ʻo ke kiʻi CrN i waiho ʻia he maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili, ka paʻakikī maikaʻi a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa i ka wā he 25ml/min ka N2 aeration. ʻO ke kaomi he 100V).

(5) Kiʻiʻoniʻoni Superhard
ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Superhard ka kiʻi paʻa me ka paʻakikī ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 40GPa, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka coefficient friction haʻahaʻa a me ka coefficient hoʻonui wela haʻahaʻa, ka nui o ka kiʻi daimana amorphous a me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni CN.Loaʻa i nā kiʻi daimana Amorphous nā waiwai amorphous, ʻaʻohe hale kauoha lōʻihi, a loaʻa kahi helu nui o nā paʻa CC tetrahedral, no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he tetrahedral amorphous carbon films.Ma ke ʻano he ʻano kiʻi ʻoniʻoni kalapona amorphous, he nui nā waiwai maikaʻi e like me ka daimana, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity, kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī, kiʻekiʻe elastic modulus, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻonui wela, kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi, kūpaʻa aahu maikaʻi. haʻahaʻa friction coefficient.Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka uhi ʻana i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni e like me ke daimana ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka mīkini hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola lawelawe ma kahi helu o 6 a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pale ʻana i ka luhi.ʻO nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni CN, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni carbon-nitrogen amorphous, loaʻa kahi ʻano aniani e like me ko β-Si3N4 covalent pūhui a ʻike pū ʻia ʻo β-C3N4.ʻO Liu lāua ʻo Cohen et al.Ua hana koʻikoʻi nā helu ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā helu pseudopotential band mai ke kumu mua, ua hōʻoia ʻo β-C3N4 he ikaika hoʻopaʻa paʻa nui, he ʻano mechanical paʻa, hiki ke noho ma kahi o hoʻokahi mokuʻāina sub-stable, a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia kona modulus elastic me ke daimana, me nā waiwai maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻili a hoʻopaʻa i ke kūpaʻa o ka mea a hoʻemi i ka coefficient friction.

(6) ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka ʻaʻahu
Ua ho'āʻo ʻia kekahi mau mea hoʻopaʻa paʻa paʻa e hoʻopili ʻia i nā mīkini, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka waiho ʻana o ka Ni-P-Co alloy layer ma luna o ka niho niho o 45 # steel gears he papa hoʻohui e loaʻa ai ka hui palaoa ultra-fine, hiki ke hoʻonui i ke ola a hiki i 1.144 ~ 1.533 mau manawa.Ua aʻo ʻia hoʻi ua hoʻopili ʻia ka papa metala Cu a me ka uhi ʻana o Ni-W ma ka ʻili niho o ka Cu-Cr-P alloy i hoʻolei ʻia i ka hao e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona ikaika;Hoʻopili ʻia ka uhi ʻana o Ni-W a me Ni-Co ma ka ʻili niho o ka HT250 hao hao e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa ʻana e 4 ~ 6 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mea i uhi ʻole ʻia.