Iav txheej technology

PVD deposition thev naus laus zis tau siv ntau xyoo raws li kev hloov kho saum npoo av tshiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub tshuab nqus tsev ion txheej tshuab, uas tau txais kev txhim kho zoo nyob rau xyoo tas los no thiab tam sim no tau siv dav hauv kev kho cov cuab yeej, pwm, piston rings, zog thiab lwm yam khoom. .Cov iav coated npaj los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev ion txheej tshuab tuaj yeem txo qhov kev sib txhuam coefficient, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev hnav thiab qee yam kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb thiab kub qhov chaw ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm iav nto zog technology.

Cov khoom siv dav siv rau cov iav feem ntau yog forged steel, cam khwb cia hlau, cam khwb cia hlau, non-ferrous hlau (tooj liab, aluminium) thiab yas.Cov hlau feem ntau yog 45 steel, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl.Tsawg carbon steel feem ntau siv hauv 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo.Forged steel yog dav siv nyob rau hauv lub zog vim nws txoj kev ua tau zoo dua, thaum cam khwb cia hlau feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov iav nrog txoj kab uas hla > 400mm thiab cov qauv nyuaj.Cam khwb cia hlau iav tiv thaiv cov kua nplaum thiab pitting tsis kam, tab sis qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab hnav tsis kam, feem ntau yog rau kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, lub zog tsis qis lossis qhov loj me thiab cov duab, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj lubrication, haum rau qhib. kis tau tus mob.Cov hlau tsis-ferrous feem ntau siv yog tin bronze, txhuas-hlau bronze thiab casting aluminium alloy, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov turbines lossis lub zog, tab sis cov zawv zawg thiab kev sib txhuam tsis zoo, tsuas yog rau lub teeb, nruab nrab load thiab qis-ceev. iav.Cov khoom siv tsis yog xim hlau yog tsuas yog siv hauv qee qhov chaw uas yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb, xws li roj-dawb lubrication thiab kev ntseeg siab.Lub teb ntawm cov xwm txheej xws li cov pa phem tsawg, xws li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, khoom siv kho mob, khoom noj khoom haus machinery thiab textile machinery.

Cov khoom siv iav txheej

Engineering cov ntaub ntawv ceramic yog cov ntaub ntawv cog lus zoo heev nrog lub zog siab thiab hardness, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov cua sov ua haujlwm zoo, tsis tshua muaj thermal conductivity thiab thermal expansion, siab hnav tsis kam thiab oxidation tsis kam.Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias cov ntaub ntawv ceramic yog qhov muaj zog tiv taus thiab muaj cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau.Yog li ntawd, kev siv cov khoom siv ceramic es tsis txhob siv cov ntaub ntawv hlau rau cov khoom hnav-tiv taus tuaj yeem txhim kho lub neej ntawm kev sib txhuam sub, tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qee qhov kub thiab txias thiab hnav-tiv taus cov ntaub ntawv, ntau yam kev ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam kev xav tau nruj.Tam sim no, engineering ceramic cov ntaub ntawv tau raug siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov cav kub-resistant qhov chaw, mechanical kis tau tus mob nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv, tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub corrosion-resistant qhov chaw thiab sealing qhov chaw, nce kev nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm ceramic khoom prospects.

Tsim lub teb chaws xws li lub teb chaws Yelemees, Nyiv, Tebchaws Asmeskas, United Kingdom thiab lwm lub teb chaws muab qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho thiab kev siv cov khoom siv engineering ceramics, kev nqis peev ntau ntawm cov nyiaj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm los tsim cov kev xav thiab kev siv tshuab engineering ceramics.Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau tsim ib txoj haujlwm hu ua "SFB442", lub hom phiaj yog siv PVD thev naus laus zis los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tsim nyog rau ntawm qhov chaw los hloov cov khoom nruab nrab uas muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg lub cev.PW Kub thiab lwm tus hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes siv cov nyiaj los ntawm SFB442 los siv PVD thev naus laus zis los tso cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias rau ntawm cov kabmob dov thiab pom tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob dov tau zoo dua qub thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tso rau saum npoo tuaj yeem hloov pauv tag nrho. muaj nuj nqi ntawm huab cua siab los tiv thaiv hnav additives.Joachim, Franz et al.Hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees siv PVD thev naus laus zis los npaj WC / C cov yeeb yaj kiab uas qhia tau zoo heev los tiv thaiv kev qaug zog, siab dua cov roj nplua nyeem uas muaj EP additives, qhov tshwm sim uas zoo sib xws ua rau muaj peev xwm hloov cov khoom tsis zoo nrog cov coatings.E. Lugscheider et al.ntawm lub koom haum ntawm cov ntaub ntawv Science, Technical University of Aachen, lub teb chaws Yelemees, nrog rau cov nyiaj los ntawm DFG (GermanResearch Commission), pom ib tug tseem ceeb nce nyob rau hauv qaug zog tiv thaiv tom qab tso cov yeeb yaj duab tsim nyog rau 100Cr6 steel siv PVD technology.Tsis tas li ntawd, Tebchaws Asmeskas General Motors tau pib hauv nws VolvoS80Turbo hom tsheb iav nto deposition zaj duab xis los txhim kho qaug zog pitting tsis kam;lub tuam txhab nto moo Timken tau pib lub npe ES200 iav nto zaj duab xis;sau npe lag luam MAXIT iav txheej tau tshwm sim hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees;Cov npe lag luam sau npe Graphit-iC thiab Dymon-iC feem Gear txheej nrog cov npe lag luam npe Graphit-iC thiab Dymon-iC kuj muaj nyob hauv UK.

Raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov tshuab, cov iav ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam, yog li nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev kawm txog kev siv cov khoom siv ceramic ntawm lub zog.Tam sim no, engineering ceramics siv rau lub zog yog cov hauv qab no.

1, TiN txheej txheej
1. TSI

Ion txheej TiN ceramic txheej yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav siv ntau tshaj plaws nrog cov tawv tawv, siab adhesion zog, tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient, zoo corrosion kuj, thiab lwm yam.Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv thov ntawm ceramic txheej ntawm lub zog yog qhov teeb meem kev sib txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem ceramic thiab substrate.Txij li thaum cov kev ua haujlwm thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog yog qhov nyuaj dua li cov cuab yeej thiab cov pwm, daim ntawv thov ntawm ib qho TiN txheej ntawm iav kho qhov chaw yog txwv heev.Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheej ceramic muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov nyuaj siab, tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient thiab corrosion kuj, nws yog nkig thiab nyuaj kom tau txais cov txheej tuab, yog li nws xav tau lub siab hardness thiab siab zog substrate los txhawb lub txheej kom ua si nws cov yam ntxwv.Yog li ntawd, ceramic txheej feem ntau yog siv rau carbide thiab high-speed steel nto.Cov khoom siv iav yog mos piv rau cov khoom siv ceramic, thiab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm ntawm substrate thiab txheej yog loj, yog li kev sib xyaw ntawm cov txheej thiab cov substrate tsis zoo, thiab cov txheej tsis txaus los txhawb cov txheej, ua txheej txheej yooj yim poob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv, tsis tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem ua si qhov zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem ceramic, tab sis cov txheej txheem ceramic uas poob tawm yuav ua rau abrasive hnav ntawm cov iav, ua kom lub cev poob ntawm cov iav.Txoj kev daws teeb meem tam sim no yog siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke los txhim kho kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ceramic thiab substrate.Composite deg kho tshuab yog hais txog kev sib xyaw ntawm lub cev vapor deposition txheej thiab lwm cov txheej txheem kho saum npoo los yog txheej txheej, siv ob qhov chaw sib cais / subsurfaces los hloov kho qhov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv substrate kom tau cov khoom sib xyaw uas tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ib qho txheej txheem kho deg. .TiN composite txheej tso los ntawm ion nitriding thiab PVD yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb ntau tshaj plaws.Cov plasma nitriding substrate thiab TiN ceramic composite txheej muaj ib tug ruaj khov daim ntawv cog lus thiab hnav tsis kam yog ho txhim kho.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws thickness ntawm TiN zaj duab xis txheej nrog zoo heev hnav kuj thiab zaj duab xis puag bonding yog hais txog 3 ~ 4μm.Yog hais tias lub thickness ntawm cov zaj duab xis txheej yog tsawg tshaj li 2μm, qhov hnav tsis kam yuav tsis zoo dua.Yog hais tias lub thickness ntawm zaj duab xis txheej yog ntau tshaj 5μm, zaj duab xis puag bonding yuav raug txo.

2, Multi-txheej, multi-tivthaiv TiN txheej

Nrog rau kev maj mam thiab dav daim ntawv thov ntawm TiN txheej, muaj ntau thiab ntau kev tshawb fawb txog kev txhim kho thiab txhim kho TiN txheej.Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov txheej txheem ntau yam thiab cov txheej txheem ntau txheej tau tsim los ntawm binary TiN txheej, xws li Ti-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix, Cr1-x)N, TiN. /Al2O3, thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li Al thiab Si rau TiN txheej, kev tiv thaiv kom kub oxidation thiab hardness ntawm cov coatings tuaj yeem txhim kho, thaum ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li B tuaj yeem txhim kho hardness thiab adhesion zog ntawm cov txheej.

Vim yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, muaj ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv txoj kev tshawb no.Hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm (Tix, Cr1-x)N multicomponent coatings, muaj kev sib cav loj hauv kev tshawb fawb.Qee cov neeg ntseeg hais tias (Tix, Cr1-x) N txheej yog raws li TiN, thiab Cr tsuas tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom siv hloov pauv hauv TiN dot matrix, tab sis tsis yog cais CrN theem.Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tus naj npawb ntawm Cr atoms ncaj qha hloov Ti atoms nyob rau hauv (Tix, Cr1-x) N txheej yog txwv, thiab cov seem Cr muaj nyob rau hauv lub singlet xeev los yog cov ntaub ntawv tebchaw nrog N. Cov kev sim qhia tau hais tias qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Cr. mus rau lub txheej yuav txo qhov luaj li cas ntawm qhov chaw thiab ua rau kom lub hardness, thiab lub hardness ntawm lub txheej mus txog nws cov nqi siab tshaj plaws thaum lub loj feem pua ​​ntawm Cr mus txog 3l%, tab sis lub internal kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub txheej kuj mus txog nws cov nqi siab tshaj.

3 、 Lwm txheej txheej

Ntxiv nrog rau feem ntau siv TiN txheej, ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv yog siv los ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov iav.

(1) Y.Terauchi et al.ntawm Nyiv tau kawm txog kev tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam ntawm titanium carbide lossis titanium nitride ceramic iav tso los ntawm txoj kev vapor deposition.Cov iav tau carburized thiab polished kom ua tiav qhov hardness ntawm HV720 thiab nto roughness ntawm 2.4 μm ua ntej txheej, thiab cov ceramic coatings tau npaj los ntawm cov tshuaj vapor deposition (CVD) rau titanium carbide thiab los ntawm lub cev vapor deposition (PVD) rau titanium nitride, nrog rau ceramic zaj duab xis thickness txog 2 μm.Cov khoom sib txhuam hnav tau raug tshawb xyuas nyob rau hauv muaj roj thiab kev sib txhuam qhuav, feem.Nws tau pom tias lub galling kuj thiab khawb tsis kam ntawm lub iav vice tau zoo heev tom qab txheej nrog ceramic.

(2) Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ntawm chemically coated Ni-P thiab TiN tau npaj los ntawm pre-txheej Ni-P ua txheej txheej hloov thiab tom qab ntawd tso TiN.Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias lub hardness ntawm cov txheej txheej no tau txhim kho rau qee qhov, thiab cov txheej txheem zoo dua nrog cov substrate thiab muaj kev hnav zoo dua.

(3) WC / C, B4C nyias zaj duab xis
M. Murakawa et al., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nyiv lub koom haum thev naus laus zis, siv PVD thev naus laus zis los tso WC / C nyias zaj duab xis rau saum npoo ntawm cov iav, thiab nws lub neej kev pab cuam yog peb zaug ntawm qhov zoo tib yam quenched thiab av iav hauv qab roj- dawb lubrication tej yam kev mob.Franz J et al.siv PVD thev naus laus zis los tso WC / C thiab B4C nyias zaj duab xis rau saum npoo ntawm FEZ-A thiab FEZ-C lub zog, thiab kev sim pom tias PVD txheej txo cov iav kev sib txhuam, ua rau cov iav tsis tshua muaj kub gluing lossis gluing, thiab txhim kho lub peev xwm load-bearing ntawm lub iav.

(4) CrN films
CrN films zoo ib yam li TiN films nyob rau hauv uas lawv muaj hardness siab dua, thiab CrN films yog resistant rau kub oxidation ntau tshaj li TiN, muaj zoo corrosion kuj, qis sab hauv kev nyuaj siab dua TiN films, thiab kuj zoo toughness.Chen Ling thiab tau npaj ib qho hnav-tiv taus TiAlCrN / CrN zaj duab xis sib xyaw nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau saum npoo ntawm HSS, thiab tseem tau tshaj tawm cov kev xav ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab multilayer, yog tias qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm ob txheej yog qhov loj, qhov dislocation tshwm sim. nyob rau hauv ib txheej yuav nyuaj rau hla nws interface mus rau lwm cov txheej, yog li tsim cov dislocation stacking ntawm lub interface thiab ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom.Zhong Bin thiab tau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nitrogen cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov qauv theem thiab kev sib txhuam ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab CrNx, thiab txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias Cr2N (211) diffraction ncov hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab maj mam tsis muaj zog thiab CrN (220) ncov maj mam txhim kho nrog qhov nce. ntawm N2 cov ntsiab lus, cov khoom loj ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nto maj mam txo qis thiab qhov chaw zoo li tiaj tus.Thaum N2 aeration yog 25 ml / min (lub hom phiaj qhov chaw arc tam sim no yog 75 A, qhov tso tawm CrN zaj duab xis muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov zoo, zoo hardness thiab zoo hnav tsis kam thaum N2 aeration yog 25ml / min (lub hom phiaj qhov chaw arc tam sim no yog 75A, tsis zoo. siab yog 100V).

(5) Superhard zaj duab xis
Superhard zaj duab xis yog cov khoom siv nrog hardness ntau dua 40GPa, zoo heev hnav tsis kam, kub tsis kam thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient thiab qis thermal expansion coefficient, feem ntau amorphous pob zeb diamond zaj duab xis thiab CN zaj duab xis.Amorphous pob zeb diamond films muaj cov khoom amorphous, tsis muaj cov qauv txiav txim ntev ntev, thiab muaj ntau ntawm CC tetrahedral bonds, yog li lawv kuj hu ua tetrahedral amorphous carbon films.Raws li ib yam ntawm amorphous carbon zaj duab xis, pob zeb diamond-zoo li txheej (DLC) muaj ntau yam zoo xws li pob zeb diamond, xws li thermal conductivity, siab hardness, siab elastic modulus, tsawg coefficient ntawm thermal expansion, zoo tshuaj stability, zoo hnav tsis kam thiab tsis tshua muaj kev sib txhuam coefficient.Nws tau raug pom tias txheej pob zeb diamond zoo li cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov iav tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm 6 thiab txhim kho qhov qaug zog.CN films, tseem hu ua amorphous carbon-nitrogen films, muaj cov qauv siv lead ua zoo ib yam li β-Si3N4 covalent compounds thiab tseem hu ua β-C3N4.Liu and Cohen et al.ua raws li cov kev xav tau nruj heev uas siv cov pseudopotential band xam los ntawm thawj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, paub tseeb tias β-C3N4 muaj lub zog ruaj khov, cov qauv siv tshuab ruaj khov, tsawg kawg ib lub xeev ruaj khov tuaj yeem muaj nyob, thiab nws cov elastic modulus yog piv rau pob zeb diamond, nrog cov khoom zoo, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov tawv tawv thiab hnav tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv thiab txo cov kev sib txhuam coefficient.

(6) Lwm yam alloy hnav-resistant txheej txheej
Qee cov hlau hnav-tiv taus coatings kuj tau sim siv rau lub zog, piv txwv li, qhov tso tawm ntawm Ni-P-Co alloy txheej ntawm cov hniav ntawm 45 # steel iav yog txheej txheej alloy kom tau txais lub koom haum zoo tshaj plaws, uas tuaj yeem txuas lub neej mus txog 1.144 ~ 1.533 zaug.Nws kuj tau kawm tias Cu hlau txheej thiab Ni-W alloy txheej yog siv rau ntawm cov hniav nto ntawm Cu-Cr-P alloy cam khwb cia hlau iav los txhim kho nws lub zog;Ni-W thiab Ni-Co alloy txheej yog siv rau ntawm tus hniav nto ntawm HT250 cam khwb cia hlau iav los txhim kho qhov hnav tsis kam los ntawm 4 ~ 6 zaug piv nrog cov iav tsis muaj coated.