Kukhathamiritsa kwa ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a zokutira zida zodulira

Kudula zokutira zida kumapangitsa kukangana ndi kuvala kwa zida zodulira, chifukwa chake ndizofunikira pakudula ntchito.Kwa zaka zambiri, opereka umisiri padziko lapansi akhala akupanga njira zopangira makonda kuti apititse patsogolo kukana kwa zida zodulira, kukonza bwino komanso moyo wautumiki.Vuto lapadera limachokera ku chidwi ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa zinthu zinayi: (i) kukonzanso kusanachitike ndi pambuyo-kuphimba kwa zida zodulira;(ii) zokutira;(iii) zomangira;ndi (iv) Integrated processing luso zipangizo TACHIMATA kudula.

Kudula zida kuvala magwero
Panthawi yodula, njira zina zobvala zimachitika pamalo olumikizirana pakati pa chida chodulira ndi zida zogwirira ntchito.Mwachitsanzo, kuvala komangiriza pakati pa chip ndi chitsulo chodulira, kuvala kwa abrasive kwa chida ndi mfundo zolimba muzinthu zogwirira ntchito, komanso kuvala chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwamankhwala (machitidwe azinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mawotchi ndi kutentha kwambiri).Popeza kupsyinjika kumeneku kumachepetsa mphamvu yodulira ya chida chodulira ndikufupikitsa moyo wa chida, zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a chida chodulira.

Kupaka pamwamba kumachepetsa zotsatira za kukangana, pamene chida chodulira m'munsi chimathandizira zokutira ndikutengera kupsinjika kwamakina.Kuchita bwino kwa kachitidwe ka mikangano kumatha kusunga zinthu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuwonjezera pakukulitsa zokolola.

Udindo wa ❖ kuyanika pochepetsa mtengo wokonza
Kudula moyo wa zida ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga.Mwa zina, moyo wa zida zodulira ungatanthauzidwe ngati nthawi yamakina imatha kupangidwa popanda kusokonezedwa musanafunikire kukonza.Kutalikira kwa zida zodulira, kumachepetsanso mtengo chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kupanga komanso ntchito yocheperako yokonza makinawo.

Ngakhale pa kutentha kwakukulu kwambiri, moyo wogwiritsira ntchito chida chodulira ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi zokutira, motero kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zopangira makina.Komanso, kudula chida ❖ kuyanika akhoza kuchepetsa kufunika mafuta mafuta.Sikuti amachepetsa ndalama zakuthupi, komanso amathandiza kuteteza chilengedwe.

Zotsatira za kukonza kusanachitike komanso pambuyo pakuyala pakupanga

M'magawo amakono odulira, zida zodulira zimayenera kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu (> 2 GPa), kutentha kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha kosalekeza kwa kupsinjika kwamafuta.Asanayambe komanso atatha kuphimba chida chodula, chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi njira yoyenera.

Musanayambe kudula zida zopangira, njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mankhwala zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera njira yopangira ❖ kuyanika, pamene mukuwongolera kwambiri kumamatira kwa chophimba.Ndi ntchito molumikizana ndi ❖ kuyanika, yokonza chida kudula m'mphepete kungathenso kuonjezera kudula liwiro ndi mlingo chakudya, ndi kuwonjezera kudula chida moyo.

Kupaka pambuyo pokonza (kukonzekera m'mphepete, kukonza pamwamba ndi kupanga) kumathandizanso kukhathamiritsa kwa chida chodulira, makamaka kupewa kuvala koyambirira popanga chip (kulumikizana kwa zinthu zogwirira ntchito mpaka kumapeto kwa chipangizocho. chida).

Kuganizira zokutira ndi kusankha

Zofunikira pakuyika ntchito zitha kukhala zosiyana kwambiri.Pansi pa makina omwe kutentha kwapamwamba kumakhala kokwera, mawonekedwe ovala osatentha a zokutira amakhala ofunika kwambiri.Zimayembekezeredwa kuti zokutira zamakono ziyeneranso kukhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi: kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, kukana kwa okosijeni, kuuma kwakukulu (ngakhale kutentha kwambiri), ndi kulimba kwa microscopic (pulasitiki) kupyolera mu mapangidwe a nanostructured layers.

Pazida zodulira bwino, zomatira zokongoletsedwa bwino komanso kugawa koyenera kwa zovuta zotsalira ndi zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri.Choyamba, kulumikizana pakati pa zinthu zapansi panthaka ndi zokutira kuyenera kuganiziridwa.Kachiwiri, payenera kukhala kuyanjana pang'ono momwe kungathekere pakati pa zinthu zokutira ndi zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa.Kuthekera kwa kumamatira pakati pa zokutira ndi chogwirira ntchito kumatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito chida choyenera cha geometry ndi kupukuta zokutira.

Zovala zokhala ndi aluminiyamu (mwachitsanzo, AlTiN) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira zodulira m'makampani ocheka.Pansi pa kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri, zokutira zokhala ndi aluminiyamu zimatha kupanga chitsulo chowonda komanso chowonda cha aluminium oxide chomwe chimadzikonzanso nthawi zonse pakumakina, chimateteza zokutira ndi zinthu zapansi pansi kuti zisawonongeke ndi okosijeni.

Kuuma ndi kukana kwa okosijeni kwa zokutira kungasinthidwe posintha zomwe zili mu aluminiyamu ndi kapangidwe kake.Mwachitsanzo, powonjezera zomwe zili ndi aluminiyumu, pogwiritsa ntchito ma nano-structures kapena micro-alloying (ie, kusakaniza ndi zinthu zochepa), kukana kwa okosijeni kwa zokutira kumatha kusintha.

Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala opangidwa ndi zinthu zophimba, kusintha kwa mapangidwe opangira nsalu kungakhudze kwambiri ntchito yophimba.Zosiyanasiyana zodulira zida zimadalira kugawa kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana muzovala zazing'ono.

Masiku ano, nsanjika zingapo zokutira zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala zitha kuphatikizidwa kukhala gulu lopaka utoto kuti mupeze zomwe mukufuna.Izi zipitilira kukula m'tsogolomu - makamaka kudzera munjira zatsopano zokutira ndi zokutira, monga HI3 (High Ionization Triple) arc evaporation ndi sputtering hybrid coating technology yomwe imaphatikiza njira zitatu zokutira zokhala ndi ayoni kwambiri kukhala imodzi.

Monga zokutira zozungulira, zokutira za titaniyamu-silicon zochokera (TiSi) zimapereka makina abwino kwambiri.Zopaka izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zitsulo zonse zolimba kwambiri zokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za carbide (kulimba kwapakati mpaka HRC 65) ndi zitsulo zolimba zapakati (kuuma kwapakati HRC 40).Mapangidwe opangira zokutira amatha kusinthidwa molingana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamakina.Zotsatira zake, zida zodulira zokhala ndi titaniyamu zopangidwa ndi silicone zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito podula ndi kukonza zida zambiri zogwirira ntchito kuchokera kuzitsulo zapamwamba, zotsika kwambiri mpaka zitsulo zolimba ndi titaniyamu.Mayesero odula kwambiri pazidutswa zathyathyathya (kuuma kwa HRC 44) awonetsa kuti zida zodulira zophimbidwa zimatha kukulitsa moyo wake pafupifupi kawiri ndikuchepetsa kuuma kwapamwamba pafupifupi nthawi 10.

Chophimba cha titaniyamu-silicon chimachepetsa kupukuta kotsatira.Zovala zoterezi zidzayembekezeredwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndi kuthamanga kwambiri, kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kuchotsedwa kwazitsulo.

Kwa zokutira zina za PVD (makamaka zokutira zokhala ndi ma micro-alloyed), makampani okutirira akugwiranso ntchito limodzi ndi mapurosesa kuti afufuze ndikupanga njira zingapo zokongoletsedwa zapamwamba.Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwakukulu pakuchita bwino kwa makina, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodulira, mtundu wamakina, ndi kulumikizana pakati pa zinthu, zokutira ndi makina ndizotheka, ndipo zimagwira ntchito.Pogwira ntchito ndi akatswiri opaka utoto, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zawo m'moyo wawo wonse.