Ukadaulo wosefera maginito

Basic theory of maginito kusefera chipangizo
Makina osefa a chipangizo chosefera maginito cha tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta plasma ndi motere:
Pogwiritsa ntchito kusiyana pakati pa plasma ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayang'anira komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa misa, pali "chotchinga" (kaya chotchinga kapena khoma lopindika la chubu) chomwe chimayika pakati pa gawo lapansi ndi gawo la cathode, lomwe limatsekereza tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayenda. mzere wowongoka pakati pa cathode ndi gawo lapansi, pomwe ma ion amatha kupatutsidwa ndi maginito ndikudutsa "chotchinga" kupita ku gawo lapansi.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito maginito kusefera chipangizo

Pamaginito, Pe <

Pe ndi Pi ndi Larmor radii ya ma elekitironi ndi ayoni motsatana, ndipo ndi mainchesi amkati a fyuluta ya maginito.Ma electron mu plasma amakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya Lorentz ndipo amazungulira pamtunda wa maginito axially, pamene mphamvu ya maginito imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa pamagulu a ayoni chifukwa cha kusiyana pakati pa ayoni ndi ma electron mu utali wa Larmor.Komabe, pamene ma elekitironi kusuntha pamodzi ndi olamulira a maginito fyuluta chipangizo, izo kukopa ayoni pamodzi axial kwa zoyenda zozungulira chifukwa cholinga chake ndi amphamvu zoipa kumunda magetsi, ndi elekitironi liwiro ndi wamkulu kuposa ion, kotero electron. nthawi zonse kukoka ayoni patsogolo, pomwe plasma nthawi zonse imakhalabe yopanda ndale yamagetsi.Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tamagetsi kapena toyipa pang'ono, ndipo mtundu wake ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa ma ion ndi ma electron, makamaka osakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito ndi kuyenda kwa mzere pa inertia, ndipo amasefedwera pambuyo pa kugunda kwa khoma lamkati. chipangizo.
Pansi pa ntchito yophatikizika ya kupindika kwa maginito ndi kugwedezeka kwa gradient ndi kugunda kwa ion-electron, plasma imatha kupatutsidwa mu chipangizo chosefera maginito.Mu Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ndi Morozov flux model ndi Davidson rigid rotor model, omwe ali ndi zotsatirazi zomwe zimafanana: pali mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imapangitsa kuti ma elekitironi azisuntha mosamalitsa.
Mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imatsogolera kusuntha kwa axial kwa plasma mu chipangizo chosefera maginito kuyenera kukhala motere:

Mi, Vo, ndi Z ndi ma ion mass, kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe, ndi kuchuluka kwa zolipiritsa motsatana.a ndi m'mimba mwake wamkati wa fyuluta ya maginito, ndipo e ndi ndalama za electron.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ma ion ena apamwamba amphamvu sangathe kumangidwa kwathunthu ndi mtengo wa elekitironi.Akhoza kufika ku khoma lamkati la maginito fyuluta, kupangitsa khoma lamkati kukhala labwino, zomwe zimalepheretsa ma ions kuti asapitirire ku khoma lamkati ndikuchepetsa kutaya kwa plasma.
Malinga ndi chodabwitsa ichi, kukakamiza koyenera kokondera kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pakhoma la chipangizo chosefera maginito kuti aletse kugunda kwa ma ion kuti apititse patsogolo kayendetsedwe kake.

Gulu la chipangizo chosefera maginito
(1)Mzere wa mzere.Mphamvu ya maginito imagwira ntchito ngati chitsogozo cha kayendedwe ka ion mtengo, kuchepetsa kukula kwa malo a cathode ndi gawo la magulu a tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikukulitsa kugundana mkati mwa plasma, zomwe zimapangitsa kutembenuka kwa tinthu tating'ono kukhala ayoni ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma macroscopic. tinthu masango, ndipo mofulumira kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha particles lalikulu monga maginito mphamvu ukuwonjezeka.Poyerekeza ndi njira yanthawi zonse yokutira ya ma arc ion, chipangizochi chokhazikika chimagonjetsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito obwera chifukwa cha njira zina ndipo chimatha kuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi zonse filimuyi ikukwera ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'ono pafupifupi 60%.
(2) Mapangidwe amtundu wa curve.Ngakhale kapangidwe kake kali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, koma mfundo yoyambira ndiyofanana.Madzi a m'magazi amayenda pansi pa ntchito yophatikizana ya maginito ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsekereza ndi kulamulira madzi a m'magazi popanda kupotoza kuyenda motsatira njira ya mizere ya mphamvu ya maginito.Ndipo particles uncharged adzayenda motsatira liniya ndi kulekana.Makanema okonzedwa ndi chipangizochi amakhala ndi kuuma kwambiri, kutsika pang'ono pamwamba, kachulukidwe kabwino, kukula kwambewu zofananira, komanso kumamatira kwamphamvu kwamakanema.Kusanthula kwa XPS kukuwonetsa kuti kuuma kwa mafilimu a ta-C okutidwa ndi chipangizo chamtunduwu kumatha kufikira 56 GPa, motero chipangizo chopindika ndichomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso njira yothandiza kwambiri pakuchotsa tinthu tambiri, koma chandamale cha mayendedwe a ion chiyenera kukhala. zinayenda bwino.Chipangizo chosefera maginito cha 90 ° bend ndi chimodzi mwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Kuyesera pamawonekedwe amtundu wamafilimu a Ta-C kukuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe apamwamba a 360 ° bend maginito kusefera sikusintha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi 90 ° bend maginito kusefera chipangizo, kotero zotsatira za 90 ° bend maginito kusefera kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kungakhale kwenikweni. zatheka.Chipangizo cha 90 ° bend maginito kusefera makamaka chimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya zomangira: imodzi ndi bend solenoid yomwe imayikidwa muchipinda chosungiramo, ndipo ina imayikidwa kunja kwa chipinda chochotseramo, ndipo kusiyana pakati pawo kumangokhala.Kuthamanga kwa 90 ° bend maginito kusefera chipangizo ndi dongosolo la 10-2Pa, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana ntchito, monga ❖ kuyanika nitride, okusayidi, mpweya amorphous, semiconductor filimu ndi zitsulo kapena zitsulo filimu sanali zitsulo. .

Kuchita bwino kwa chipangizo chosefera maginito
Popeza si tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kutaya mphamvu zamakinetic pakuwombana kosalekeza ndi khoma, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tifika pagawo laling'ono kudzera pachitoliro.Choncho, chipangizo chautali ndi chopapatiza cha maginito chimakhala ndi kusefera kwapamwamba kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, koma panthawiyi chidzawonjezera kutayika kwa ma ion chandamale ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumawonjezera zovuta za kapangidwe kake.Chifukwa chake, kuwonetsetsa kuti chipangizo chosefera maginito chikuchotsa bwino kwambiri tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwa ma ayoni ndikofunikira kuti ukadaulo wopaka ma ion multi-arc ukhale ndi chiyembekezo chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika mafilimu owonda kwambiri.Kugwira ntchito kwa chipangizo chosefera maginito kumakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ya maginito, kukondera kwa bend, kabowo kakang'ono ka maginito, magwero a arc panopo komanso ngodya ya tinthu tating'ono.Pokhazikitsa magawo oyenera a chipangizo chosefera maginito, kusefa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kusuntha kwa ion kwa chandamale kumatha kuwongolera bwino.