Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji

Ubuhanga bwo kubika PVD bumaze imyaka myinshi bukoreshwa nkubuhanga bushya bwo guhindura isura, cyane cyane tekinoroji ya vacuum ion, yateye imbere cyane mumyaka yashize kandi ubu ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya ibikoresho, ibishushanyo, impeta za piston, ibikoresho nibindi bikoresho .Ibikoresho bifunitse byateguwe na tekinoroji ya vacuum ion birashobora kugabanya cyane coefficient de fraisement, kunoza anti-kwambara hamwe na anti-ruswa, kandi byahindutse intandaro nubushakashatsi bushyashya mubijyanye nubuhanga bwogukoresha ibikoresho.

Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho ni ibyuma byahimbwe, ibyuma, ibyuma, ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer (umuringa, aluminium) na plastiki.Ibyuma ahanini ni ibyuma 45, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl.Ibyuma bya karubone bike bikoreshwa cyane muri 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo.Icyuma gihimbano gikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho kubera imikorere yacyo myiza, mugihe ibyuma bikozwe mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho bifite diameter> 400mm nuburyo bugoye.Shira ibyuma birwanya kole no kurwanya pitingi, ariko kubura ingaruka no kwambara birwanya, cyane cyane kubikorwa bihamye, imbaraga ntabwo ari umuvuduko muke cyangwa ubunini bunini nuburyo bugoye, birashobora gukora muburyo bwo kubura amavuta, bikwiriye gukingurwa kwanduza.Ibyuma bidafite ferro bikunze gukoreshwa ni tin bronze, bronze ya aluminium-fer na casting ya aluminiyumu, ikoreshwa cyane mugukora turbine cyangwa ibikoresho, ariko ibintu byo kunyerera no kurwanya friction ni bibi, gusa kubwumucyo, umutwaro uciriritse hamwe n'umuvuduko muke ibikoresho.Ibikoresho bitari ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane mubice bimwe na bimwe bisabwa bidasanzwe, nk'amavuta adafite amavuta kandi byizewe cyane.Urwego rwibihe nkumwanda muke, nkibikoresho byo murugo, ibikoresho byubuvuzi, imashini zokurya nimashini zidoda.

Ibikoresho byo gutwikira ibikoresho

Ibikoresho byubwubatsi nibikoresho byizewe cyane bifite imbaraga nubukomezi cyane cyane birwanya ubushyuhe buhebuje, ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro no kwaguka kwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara cyane no kurwanya okiside.Umubare munini wubushakashatsi werekanye ko ibikoresho byubutaka birwanya ubushyuhe kandi bifite imyenda mike ku byuma.Kubwibyo, gukoresha ibikoresho bya ceramic aho gukoresha ibikoresho byicyuma kubice bidashobora kwangirika bishobora guteza imbere ubuzima bwikibazo cyo guterana amagambo, birashobora kuzuza bimwe mubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nibikoresho birinda kwambara, imikorere myinshi nibindi bisabwa bikomeye.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho by’ubukorikori byakoreshejwe mu gukora ibice bitarwanya ubushyuhe bwa moteri, guhererekanya imashini mu bice byambara, ibikoresho bya shimi mu bice birwanya ruswa ndetse n’ibice bifunga, bigenda byerekana uburyo bukoreshwa bw’ibikoresho by’ubutaka.

Ibihugu byateye imbere nk’Ubudage, Ubuyapani, Amerika, Ubwongereza n’ibindi bihugu biha agaciro kanini iterambere n’ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’ubukorikori, gushora amafaranga menshi n’abakozi kugira ngo bateze imbere inyigisho n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubukorikori.Ubudage bwatangije gahunda yiswe “SFB442 ″, ikigamijwe ni ugukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya PVD muguhuza firime ibereye hejuru yibice kugirango isimbuze uburyo bushobora kwangiza amavuta kubidukikije ndetse numubiri wabantu.PW Gold hamwe n’abandi mu Budage bakoresheje inkunga yatanzwe na SFB442 mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya PVD kugira ngo babike firime zoroheje hejuru y’ibizunguruka maze basanga imikorere yo kurwanya kwambara yimyenda yatunganijwe yateye imbere ku buryo bugaragara kandi filime zashyizwe hejuru zishobora gusimbuza rwose imikorere yumuvuduko ukabije urwanya inyongeramusaruro.Joachim, Franz n'abandi.mu Budage yakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya PVD mu gutegura firime ya WC / C yerekana ibintu byiza birwanya kurwanya umunaniro, birenze ibyo gusiga amavuta arimo inyongeramusaruro za EP, igisubizo nacyo gitanga amahirwe yo gusimbuza inyongeramusaruro zangiza.E. Lugscheider n'abandi.y'Ikigo cy'Ubumenyi bw'Ibikoresho, Kaminuza ya Tekinike ya Aachen, mu Budage, ku nkunga yatanzwe na DFG (Komisiyo y'Ubushakashatsi y'Abadage), yerekanye ubwiyongere bukabije bw'umunaniro nyuma yo gushyira firime zikwiye ku byuma 100Cr6 ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya PVD.Byongeye kandi, General Motors yo muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika yatangiye muri firime yayo yo mu bwoko bwa VolvoS80Turbo yohereza ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo kunoza umunaniro;isosiyete izwi cyane ya Timken yashyize ahagaragara izina rya firime ya gare ya ES200;ikirangantego cyanditseho MAXIT ibikoresho byo kwambara byagaragaye mubudage;Ikirangantego cyanditse Graphit-iC na Dymon-iC bikurikiranye ibikoresho bya Gear hamwe nibirango byanditse Graphit-iC na Dymon-iC nabyo biraboneka mubwongereza.

Nkibice byingenzi byogukwirakwiza imashini, ibikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu nganda, bityo rero ni ingirakamaro cyane mubikorwa byo kwiga ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bya ceramique kubikoresho.Kugeza ubu, ubukorikori bwubukorikori bukoreshwa mubikoresho ni ibi bikurikira.

1 、 Igice cya TiN
1 、 TiN

Ion itwikiriye TiN ceramic layer nimwe mubikoreshwa cyane hejuru yubuso bwahinduwe hamwe nuburemere bukomeye, imbaraga zifatika cyane, coefficient de fraisement nkeya, kurwanya ruswa nziza, nibindi. Byakoreshejwe henshi mubice bitandukanye, cyane cyane mubikoresho byinganda.Impamvu nyamukuru igira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yububiko bwa ceramic kubikoresho ni ikibazo cyo guhuza hagati yububiko bwa ceramic na substrate.Kubera ko imiterere yakazi hamwe ningaruka ziterwa na gare zigoye cyane kuruta ibikoresho nibikoresho, ikoreshwa rya TiN imwe yo gutwikira ibikoresho byo hejuru birabujijwe cyane.Nubwo igipfundikizo ceramic gifite ibyiza byo gukomera gukomeye, coefficient de fraisement nkeya hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, biroroshye kandi biragoye kubona igifuniko kinini, bityo rero gikenera ubukana bwinshi nimbaraga zo hejuru kugirango zishyigikire kugirango gikine ibiranga.Kubwibyo, ceramic coating ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuri karbide no hejuru yicyuma cyihuta.Ibikoresho by'ibikoresho byoroshye ugereranije nibikoresho bya ceramic, kandi itandukaniro riri hagati yimiterere ya substrate hamwe nigitambaro ni kinini, bityo rero guhuza igifuniko na substrate ni bibi, kandi igifuniko ntigihagije kugirango gishyigikire, gukora igipfundikizo cyoroshye kugwa mugihe cyo gukoresha, ntigishobora gusa gukinisha ibyiza byo gutwikira ceramic, ariko ibice bya ceramic coating cacique bigwa bizatera kwambara nabi kubikoresho, byihutisha gutakaza ibikoresho.Igisubizo kiriho ni ugukoresha tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibice kugirango utezimbere umubano hagati ya ceramic na substrate.Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibintu bivuga guhuza ibimera biva mu kirere hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura hejuru cyangwa gutwikira, ukoresheje ibice bibiri bitandukanye / munsi yubutaka kugirango uhindure ubuso bwibikoresho bya substrate kugirango ubone ibikoresho byubukorikori bidashobora kugerwaho nuburyo bumwe bwo kuvura hejuru. .TiN ikomatanya yashizwemo na ion nitriding na PVD nimwe mubushakashatsi bwakozweho ubushakashatsi.Plasma nitriding substrate hamwe na TiN ceramic compating coating ifite umurunga ukomeye kandi kurwanya imyambarire byateye imbere cyane.

Umubyimba mwiza wa firime ya TiN hamwe no kurwanya kwambara neza hamwe no guhuza firime ni hafi 3 ~ 4μm.Niba umubyimba wurwego rwa firime uri munsi ya 2 mm, kwihanganira kwambara ntabwo bizanozwa cyane.Niba ubunini bwurwego rwa firime burenze 5μm, guhuza shingiro rya firime bizagabanuka.

2 、 Ibice byinshi, ibice byinshi bya TiN

Hamwe nogukoresha gahoro gahoro ikoreshwa rya TiN, hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi nuburyo bwo kunoza no kuzamura imyenda ya TiN.Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibice byinshi bigize ibice byinshi hamwe n’imyenda myinshi byakozwe hifashishijwe ibice bibiri bya TiN, nka Ti-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix, Cr1-x) N, TiN .

Bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwibigize byinshi, hariho impaka nyinshi muri ubu bushakashatsi.Mu bushakashatsi bwa (Tix, Cr1-x) N ibice byinshi, hari impaka nini mubisubizo byubushakashatsi.Abantu bamwe bizera ko (Tix, Cr1-x) N impuzu zishingiye kuri TiN, kandi Cr irashobora kubaho gusa muburyo bwo gusimbuza igisubizo gikomeye muri materi ya TiN, ariko ntabwo ari icyiciro cya CrN cyihariye.Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekana ko umubare wa atome ya Cr usimbuye mu buryo butaziguye Ti atom muri (Tix, Cr1-x) N ibifuniko bigarukira, kandi Cr isigaye ibaho muri reta imwe cyangwa ikora ibice hamwe na N. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko kwiyongera kwa Cr kuri coating igabanya ingano yubuso bwubuso kandi ikongerera ubukana, kandi ubukana bwa coating bugera ku giciro cyayo kinini iyo ijanisha ryinshi rya Cr rigeze kuri 3l%, ariko guhangayikishwa imbere kwifuniko nabyo bigera ku giciro cyayo kinini.

3 、 Ibindi bikoresho

Usibye ibisanzwe bikoreshwa muri TiN, ibikoresho byinshi byubukorikori bitandukanye bikoreshwa mugukomeza ibikoresho.

(1) Y.Terauchi n'abandi.y'Ubuyapani yize ku kurwanya imyambarire ya karibide ya titanium cyangwa titanium nitride ceramic ibikoresho byashyizwe mu buryo bwo kubika imyuka.Ibikoresho byashizwemo karubasi kandi birasukurwa kugirango bigere ku buso bugera kuri HV720 hamwe n'ubuso bwa metero 2,4 mbere yo gutwikirwa, kandi ibumba ryakozwe na ceramic ryateguwe nubushyuhe bwa chimique (CVD) kuri karbide ya titanium no kubitsa imyuka yumubiri (PVD) kugirango nitride ya titanium, hamwe na ceramic firime yuburebure bwa 2 mm.Ibikoresho byo kwambara byo guterana byakorewe iperereza imbere yamavuta hamwe no gukama byumye.Byagaragaye ko kurwanya ibyuma no kurwanya ibishishwa bya gare byongerewe imbaraga nyuma yo gutwikira ceramic.

.Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubukana bwubuso bwuruvange rwububiko bwatejwe imbere kurwego runaka, kandi igifuniko gihujwe neza na substrate kandi gifite imbaraga zo kwihanganira kwambara.

(3) WC / C, B4C firime yoroheje
M. Murakawa n'abandi, Ishami ry’Ubukanishi, Ikigo cy’Ubuyapani gishinzwe ikoranabuhanga, yakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya PVD kugira ngo ashyire firime ya WC / C yoroheje hejuru y’ibikoresho, kandi ubuzima bwayo bwikubye inshuro eshatu ubw'ibikoresho bisanzwe byazimye n'ubutaka munsi ya peteroli- amavuta yo kwisiga kubuntu.Franz J n'abandi.yakoresheje tekinoroji ya PVD kugirango abike firime ya WC / C na B4C yoroheje hejuru yububiko bwa FEZ-A na FEZ-C, kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko igipfundikizo cya PVD cyagabanije cyane guteranya ibyuma, bigatuma ibikoresho bitoroha cyane gufatisha cyangwa gufunga, kandi yazamuye ubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro y'ibikoresho.

(4) Filime za CrN
Filime ya CrN isa na firime ya TiN kuko ifite ubukana bwinshi, kandi firime ya CrN irwanya okiside yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kurusha TiN, ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, guhangayika imbere imbere kuruta firime ya TiN, no gukomera gukomeye.Chen Ling et yateguye firime ya TiAlCrN / CrN idashobora kwambara hamwe na firime nziza cyane ishingiye kuri firime hejuru ya HSS, anasaba igitekerezo cya dislocation stacking ya firime nyinshi, niba itandukaniro ryingufu za dislokisiyo hagati yinzego zombi ari nini, dislocation ibaho. murwego rumwe bizagorana kwambukiranya urundi rwego, bityo bigakora dislocation ikurikirana kuri interineti kandi ikagira uruhare rwo gushimangira ibikoresho.Zhong Bin et yize ku ngaruka ziterwa na azote ku miterere yicyiciro n’imiterere yo kwambara ya firime ya CrNx, kandi ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko impanuka ya Cr2N (211) itandukanijwe muri firime yagiye igabanuka buhoro buhoro kandi impinga ya CrN (220) igenda yiyongera buhoro buhoro hamwe no kwiyongera y'ibirimo N2, ibice binini hejuru ya firime byagabanutse buhoro buhoro kandi ubuso bwakunze kuba buringaniye.Iyo N2 aeration yari 25 ml / min (intego yatanzwe arc arc yari 75 A, firime ya CrN yabitswe ifite ubuziranenge bwubuso bwiza, ubukana bwiza hamwe no kwihanganira kwambara neza mugihe N2 aeration ari 25ml / min (intego yinkomoko arc ni 75A, bibi igitutu ni 100V).

(5) Filime ya superhard
Filime ya superhard ni firime ikomeye ifite ubukana burenze 40GPa, irwanya kwambara neza, irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe na coefficient de fraisse nkeya hamwe na coeffisente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke, cyane cyane firime ya diyama amorphous na firime ya CN.Amafirime ya diyama Amorphous afite imiterere ya amorphous, ntamwanya muremure wateganijwe, kandi urimo umubare munini wa CC tetrahedral, bityo nanone bita tetrahedral amorphous carbone.Nkubwoko bwa firime ya karubone ya amorphous, igipande kimeze nka diyama (DLC) gifite ibintu byinshi byiza bisa na diyama, nkumuvuduko mwinshi wumuriro, ubukana bwinshi, modulus yo hejuru ya elastike, coefficente yo kwagura amashyuza, imiti myiza ihagaze neza, irwanya kwambara kandi coefficente yo hasi.Byerekanwe ko gutwikira firime zisa na diyama hejuru yububiko bushobora kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi ku kigero cya 6 kandi bikazamura cyane kurwanya umunaniro.Filime ya CN, izwi kandi nka amorphous carbone-azote ya firime, ifite imiterere ya kristu isa niy'imvange ya co-Si3N4 kandi izwi kandi nka β-C3N4.Liu na Cohen n'abandi.Yakoze imibare ikomeye yo kubara akoresheje ibarwa rya pseudopotential ibarwa uhereye ku ihame rya mbere-kamere, yemeje ko β-C3N4 ifite ingufu nini zihuza, imiterere ihamye ya mashini, byibuze leta imwe ihamye ishobora kubaho, kandi modulus yayo ya elastique igereranywa na diyama, hamwe nibintu byiza, bishobora kunoza neza ubukana bwubuso no kwambara ibintu birwanya no kugabanya coefficient de frais.

(6) Ibindi bikoresho bivangwa no kwambara
Bimwe mu bitambaro bidashobora kwangirika kandi byageragejwe gukoreshwa mubikoresho, urugero, gushira kwa Ni-P-Co alloy layer hejuru yinyo yinyo ya 45 # ibyuma nicyuma kivanze kugirango ubone ishyirahamwe ryintete nziza cyane, ishobora kwongerera ubuzima inshuro 1.144 ~ 1.533.Hakozwe kandi ubushakashatsi ko Cu icyuma na Ni-W alloy coating bikoreshwa hejuru yinyo ya Cu-Cr-P alloy cast ibyuma kugirango bongere imbaraga;Ni-W na Ni-Co ibishishwa bishyirwa hejuru yinyo ya HT250 ibikoresho byuma kugirango bongere imyambarire inshuro 4 ~ 6 ugereranije nibikoresho bidafunze.