Gear coating teknolojia

PVD deposition tekinoroji yave ichiitwa kwemakore akawanda sechinyowani chekugadzirisa tekinoroji, kunyanya vacuum ion coating tekinoroji, iyo yakawana budiriro yakakura mumakore achangopfuura uye yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa maturusi, mold, piston mhete, magiya nezvimwe zvinhu. .Iwo akavharidzirwa magiya akagadzirwa ne vacuum ion coating tekinoroji anogona kudzikisa zvakanyanya friction coefficient, kuvandudza anti-kupfeka uye imwe anti-corrosion, uye yave yakatarisana uye inopisa nzvimbo yekutsvagisa mumunda wegiya rekusimbisa tekinoroji.

Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinoshandiswa kumagiya zvinonyanya kuumbwa simbi, simbi yakakandwa, simbi yakakandwa, isina-ferrous simbi (mhangura, aluminium) nemapurasitiki.Simbi inonyanya 45 simbi, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl.Yakaderera kabhoni simbi inonyanya kushandiswa mu20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo.Simbi yakaumbwa inonyanya kushandiswa mumagiya nekuda kwekuita kwayo kurinani, nepo simbi yakakandwa inowanzo shandiswa kugadzira magiya ane dhayamita> 400mm uye yakaoma chimiro.Cast iron gears anti-glue uye pitting kuramba, asi kushomeka kwekukanganisa uye kupfeka kuramba, kunyanya yebasa rakagadzikana, simba harisi rakaderera kumhanya kana hukuru hukuru uye chimiro chakaoma, chinogona kushanda pasi pemamiriro ekushaikwa kwekuzora, yakakodzera kuvhurika. kutapurirana.Masimbi asina-ferrous anowanzo shandiswa irata rebhuronzi, aluminium-iron bronze uye casting aluminum alloy, anowanzo shandiswa mukugadzira maturbines kana magiya, asi inotsvedza uye inodzivirira friction zvimiro hazvina kunaka, chete kune chiedza, chiri pakati nepakati uye yakaderera-speed. gears.Magiya asiri-simbi emidziyo anonyanya kushandiswa mune mamwe minda ane zvakakosha zvinodiwa, senge oiri-isina lubrication uye yakakwirira kuvimbika.Munda wemamiriro ezvinhu akadai sekusvibiswa kwakadzikira, semidziyo yemumba, midziyo yekurapa, muchina wechikafu nemichina yemachira.

Gear coating materials

Injiniya dzeceramic zvinhu zvinovimbisa zvakanyanya zvine simba rakakura uye kuoma, kunyanya yakanakisa kupisa kupisa, kuderera kwekushisa conductivity uye kuwedzera kwemafuta, kukwirira kupfeka kuramba uye oxidation kuramba.Huwandu hukuru hwezvidzidzo hwakaratidza kuti zvinhu zveceramic zvinogara zvisingadziviriri kupisa uye zvine kupera kushoma pasimbi.Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zveceramic panzvimbo yezvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvekupfeka-zvisingagadziriswi zvinogona kuvandudza hupenyu hwehutachiwana, hunogona kusangana nehumwe hwekushisa kwepamusoro uye hukuru husina kupfeka zvinhu, zvakawanda-zvinoshanda uye zvimwe zvakaoma zvinodiwa.Parizvino, mainjiniya eceramic zvinhu zvakashandiswa mukugadzira injini inodzivirira kupisa zvikamu, kufambisa kwemakanika muzvikamu zvakapfekwa, midziyo yemakemikari muzvikamu zvisingadziviriri uye zvikamu zvekuisa chisimbiso, zvichiwedzera kuratidza kushandiswa kwakakura kwezvinhu zveceramic tarisiro.

Nyika dzakasimukira dzakaita seGermany, Japan, United States, United Kingdom nedzimwe nyika dzinokoshesa zvikuru kusimudzira nekushandiswa kweinjiniya zvedongo zvedongo, nekudyara mari yakawanda uye manpower kuvandudza dzidziso yekugadzira uye tekinoroji yeinjiniya ceramics.Germany yakatanga chirongwa chinonzi "SFB442", chinangwa chiri chekushandisa tekinoroji yePVD kugadzira firimu rakakodzera pamusoro pezvikamu kutsiva iyo inogona kukuvadza yekuzora svikiro kune zvakatipoteredza uye nemuviri wemunhu.PW Goridhe nevamwe muGermany vakashandisa mari kubva kuSFB442 kushandisa tekinoroji yePVD kuisa mafirimu matete pamusoro pemabheji ekutenderera uye vakaona kuti anti-kupfeka mashandiro emabhengi akakwidziridzwa zvakanyanya uye mafirimu akaiswa pamusoro anogona kutsiva zvachose basa rekunyanyisa kudzvinyirira anti-wear additives.Joachim, Franz et al.muGermany yakashandisa tekinoroji yePVD kugadzirira mafirimu eWC/C anoratidza zvinhu zvakanakisa zvekurwisa kuneta, zvakakwirira kudarika zviya zvekuzora zvine EP additives, mhedzisiro inopa zvakafanana mukana wekutsiva zvinokuvadza zvinowedzerwa nemabhachi.E. Lugscheider et al.yeInstitute of Materials Science, Technical University yeAachen, Germany, nemari kubva kuDFG (GermanResearch Commission), yakaratidza kuwedzera kukuru kwekuramba kuneta mushure mekuisa mafirimu akakodzera pasimbi ye100Cr6 uchishandisa teknolojia yePVD.Pamusoro pezvo, iyo United States General Motors yatanga mune yayo VolvoS80Turbo mhando yemotokari giya pamusoro pekuisa firimu kuvandudza kuneta pitting kuramba;kambani yakakurumbira yeTimken yakatanga zita rekuti ES200 gear surface film;yakanyoreswa trademark MAXIT gear coating yaonekwa muGermany;chiratidzo chekutengeserana chakanyoreswa Graphit-iC neDymon-iC zvakateerana Gear coatings nezviratidzo zvakanyoreswa Graphit-iC uye Dymon-iC anowanikwawo kuUK.

Seyakakosha nzvimbo dzakasara dzemuchina wekutapurirana, magiya anoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri, saka zvakakosha zvakanyanya kukosha kudzidza mashandisiro eceramic zvinhu pamagiya.Parizvino, makeramiki einjiniya akaiswa kune magiya anonyanya kunotevera.

1, TiN yekuvhara layer
1, TiN

Ion inoputira TiN ceramic layer ndeimwe yeanonyanya kushandiswa pamusoro pepamusoro yakagadziridzwa machira ane kuomarara kwepamusoro, kusimba kwakanyanya kwekunamatira, yakaderera friction coefficient, yakanaka corrosion resistance, etc. Yakave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya mune zvishandiso uye mold industry.Chikonzero chikuru chinokanganisa kushandiswa kweceramic coating pamagiya ndiro dambudziko rekubatanidza pakati peceramic coating uye substrate.Sezvo mamiriro ekushanda uye zvinofurira zvinhu zvegiya zvakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura izvo zvezvishandiso uye mold, kushandiswa kweimwe TiN yekuputira pagiya repamusoro kurapwa kunorambidzwa zvakanyanya.Kunyangwe kupfekedzwa kweceramic kuine zvakanakira kuomarara kwepamusoro, kuderera kwehutsi uye kuramba kwemarara, ine brittle uye yakaoma kuwana iyo yakakora yekupfeka, saka inoda kuomarara kwepamusoro uye yakakwirira simba substrate kutsigira iyo yekupfeka kuti itambe maitiro ayo.Naizvozvo, ceramic coating inonyanya kushandiswa kune carbide uye yakakwirira-kumhanya simbi pamusoro.Iyo giya yemidziyo yakapfava kana ichienzaniswa neye ceramic zvinhu, uye mutsauko uripo pakati pechimiro cheiyo substrate uye yekupfeka yakakura, saka musanganiswa wejasi uye substrate haina kunaka, uye kupfekedza hakuna kukwana kutsigira kupfekedza, kugadzira. iyo yekuputira iri nyore kudonha mukugadzirisa kwekushandisa, kwete chete haigone kutamba zvakanakira zveceramic coating, asi iyo ceramic yekuputira zvimedu zvinodonha zvinokonzeresa abrasive kupfeka pagiya, ichimhanyisa kupera kupera kwegiya.Mhinduro iripo ndeye kushandisa composite yepamusoro kurapwa tekinoroji kuvandudza chisungo pakati peceramic uye substrate.Composite pamusoro pekurapa tekinoroji inoreva kusanganiswa kwehuputi hwemuviri deposition coating uye mamwe maitiro epamusoro ekurapa kana machira, uchishandisa maviri akapatsanurwa nzvimbo / pasi pepasi kugadzirisa pamusoro peiyo substrate zvinhu kuti iwane inoumbwa mechanical zvimiro izvo zvisingakwanisi kuwanikwa neimwe nzira yekurapa pamusoro. .TiN composite coating yakaiswa neion nitriding uye PVD ndeimwe yeakaongororwa zvakanyanya akaumbwa machira.Iyo plasma nitriding substrate uye TiN ceramic composite coating ine chisungo chakasimba uye kuramba kwekupfeka kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya.

Iyo yakakwana ukobvu hweTiN firimu layer ine yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba uye firimu base bonding ingangoita 3 ~ 4μm.Kana hupamhi hwemufirimu wefirimu huri pasi pe2μm, kupikisa kwekupfeka hakuzogadziriswi zvakanyanya.Kana ukobvu hwemutsetse wefirimu unopfuura 5μm, iyo firimu base bonding ichadzikiswa.

2、Multi-layer, multi-component TiN coating

Nekushandisa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kwakapararira kweTiN coatings, kune kwakawanda uye kwakawanda kutsvagurudza kwemaitiro ekuvandudza nekusimudzira maTiN machira.Mumakore achangopfuura, machira e-multi-component coatings uye multilayer coatings akagadzirwa zvichibva pabinary TiN coatings, senge Ti-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix, Cr1-x)N, TiN. / Al2O3, etc. Nokuwedzera zvinhu zvakadai seAl uye Si kune TiN coatings, kushorwa kwepamusoro-kupisa oxidation uye kuoma kwezvipfeko zvinogona kuvandudzwa, asi kuwedzera zvinhu zvakadai seB zvinogona kuvandudza kuoma uye kusimba kwekunamatira kwezvipfeko.

Nekuda kwekuoma kwekuumbwa kwemulticomponent, pane makakatanwa mazhinji muchidzidzo ichi.Muchidzidzo che (Tix,Cr1-x)N multicomponent coatings, pane kupokana kukuru mumhedzisiro yekutsvaga.Vamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti (Tix,Cr1-x)N coatings yakavakirwa paTiN, uye Cr inogona kungovapo nenzira yekutsiva yakasimba mhinduro muTiN dot matrix, asi kwete sechikamu cheCrN chakasiyana.Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti nhamba yeCr maatomu inotsiva zvakananga Ti maatomu mu (Tix,Cr1-x)N coatings ishoma, uye Cr yasara iripo mu singlet state kana mafomu anosanganiswa neN. Mhedzisiro yekuedza inoratidza kuti kuwedzera kweCr kusvika pakuputira kunoderedza hukuru hwepamusoro uye kunowedzera kuoma, uye kuoma kwechifukidzo kunosvika pakukosha kwayo kwepamusoro apo huwandu hwemazana eCr hunosvika 3l%, asi kushushikana kwemukati kwekuputira kunosvikawo pakukosha kwayo.

3, Imwe yekupfeka layer

Pamusoro peanowanzo shandiswa TiN machira, akawanda akasiyana einjiniya ceramics anoshandiswa pakusimbisa giya pamusoro.

(1)Y.Terauchi et al.wekuJapan akadzidza kuramba kupfekwa kwekupfeka kwetitanium carbide kana titanium nitride ceramic gears akaiswa nenzira yevapor deposition.Iwo magiya akaiswa carbur uye akakwenenzverwa kuti awane kuoma kwepamusoro kweHV720 uye kushata kwe2.4 μm isati yaiswa, uye machira eceramic akagadzirwa nemakemikari vapor deposition (CVD) yetitanium carbide uye neyemuviri vapor deposition (PVD) titanium nitride, ine ceramic firimu ukobvu hunosvika 2 μm.Iyo yekukakavadzana kupfeka zvivakwa zvakaongororwa pamberi pemafuta uye yakaoma friction, zvichiteerana.Zvakaonekwa kuti kuramba kwegalling uye kuramba kwegiya vice kwakawedzera kukwidziridzwa mushure mekuputirwa neceramic.

(2)Kuturika kwemusanganiswa wekemikari yakavharwa Ni-P neTiN yakagadzirwa nepre-coating Ni-P sechinhu chekuchinja uyezve kuisa TiN.Chidzidzo chacho chinoratidza kuti kuoma kwepamusoro kweiyi composite coating yakagadziridzwa kune imwe nhanho, uye iyo yekupfekedza iri nani yakasungirirwa ne substrate uye ine nani kupfeka kuramba.

(3) WC/C, B4C nhete firimu
M. Murakawa et al., Dhipatimendi reMechanical Engineering, Japan Institute of Technology, yakashandisa tekinoroji yePVD kuisa WC/C firimu rakatetepa pamusoro pemagiya, uye hupenyu hwaro hwesevhisi hwakanga hwakapetwa katatu hwemagiya akadzimwa neapasi pasi pemafuta- mahara lubrication mamiriro.Franz J nevamwe.yakashandisa tekinoroji yePVD kuisa WC/C uye B4C firimu rakatetepa pamusoro peFEZ-A neFEZ-C magiya, uye kuyedza kwakaratidza kuti PVD coating yakaderedza zvakanyanya kukwesha kwegiya, yakaita kuti giya risabatirwe nekupisa gluing kana gluing, uye yakavandudza kutakura mutoro wegiya.

(4) CrN mafirimu
Mafirimu eCrN akafanana nemafirimu eTiN mukuti ane kuomarara kwepamusoro, uye mafirimu eCrN anonyanya kushingirira pakupisa tembiricha oxidation kupfuura TiN, ane corrosion resistance iri nani, kuderera kwemukati kushushikana kupfuura mafirimu eTiN, uye kusimba kuri nani.Chen Ling et vakagadzirira firimu rinopokana reTiAlCrN/CrN rine yakanakisa bhaisikopo-yakavakirwa bonding pamusoro peHSS, uye vakakurudzirawo dislocation stacking dzidziso ye multilayer firimu, kana dislocation simba musiyano pakati maviri akakura, dislocation kunoitika. mune imwe rukoko zvichange zvakaoma kuyambuka chiratidziro chayo mune imwe dhizaini, nekudaro kugadzira dislocation stacking pane interface uye kutamba basa rekusimbisa zvinhu.Zhong Bin et akadzidza nezve mhedzisiro yenitrogen yemukati pachimiro chechikamu uye frictional kupfeka zvivakwa zveCrNx mafirimu, uye chidzidzo chakaratidza kuti Cr2N (211) diffraction peak mumafirimu zvishoma nezvishoma yakadzikira uye CrN (220) peak yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekuwedzera. yeN2 yemukati, zvimedu zvakakura zviri pamusoro pefirimu zvakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma uye nzvimbo yaiita kunge yakati sandara.Kana iyo N2 aeration yaive 25 ml/min (yakananga sosi arc ikozvino yaive 75 A, iyo yakaiswa CrN firimu ine yakanaka yemhando yepamusoro, yakanaka kuomarara uye yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba kana N2 aeration iri 25ml/min (chinangwa sosi arc ikozvino 75A, isina kunaka. kumanikidza ndeye 100V).

(5) Superhard firimu
Superhard firimu ifirimu rakasimba rine kuoma kwakakura kupfuura 40GPa, yakanakisa kupfeka kuramba, tembiricha yakakwira uye yakaderera friction coefficient uye yakaderera thermal yekuwedzera coefficient, kunyanya amorphous diamond firimu uye CN firimu.Amorphous madhaimani mafirimu ane amorphous zvimiro, haana-refu-refu akaodha chimiro, uye ane nhamba huru yeCC tetrahedral bond, saka anonziwo tetrahedral amorphous carbon films.Semhando yeamorphous kabhoni firimu, dhaimondi-kunge coating (DLC) ine zvakawanda zvakanakisa zvivakwa zvakafanana nedhaimani, senge yakakwira yekupisa yekupisa, kuomarara kwepamusoro, yakakwira elastic modulus, yakaderera coefficient yekuwedzera kwemafuta, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, kupfeka kwakanaka kuramba uye. low friction coefficient.Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti kupfekedza madhaimani-semafirimu pamagiya anogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi nechikamu che6 uye zvakanyanya kunatsiridza kuramba kuneta.Mafirimu eCN, anonziwo amorphous carbon-nitrogen films, ane crystal structure yakafanana neiyo ye β-Si3N4 covalent compounds uye inonziwo β-C3N4.Liu naCohen et al.akaita masvomhu akaomesesa edzidziso achishandisa pseudopotential bhendi kuverenga kubva kune yekutanga-yakasikwa musimboti, yakasimbisa kuti β-C3N4 ine hombe inosunga simba, yakagadzika mekiniki chimiro, ingangoita imwe sub-yakagadzikana nyika inogona kuvapo, uye elastic modulus yayo inofananidzwa nedhaimani, ine zvinhu zvakanaka, izvo zvinogona kunyatsovandudza kuoma kwepamusoro uye kupfeka kusagadzikana kwezvinhu uye kuderedza friction coefficient.

(6) Imwe alloy kupfeka-resistant coating layer
Mamwe alloy kupfeka-resistant machira akaedzwawo kuiswa kune magiya, semuenzaniso, kuiswa kweNi-P-Co alloy layer pane zino pamusoro pe45 # simbi giya ndeye alloy layer kuti uwane yekupedzisira-yakanaka gorosi sangano, iyo inogona kuwedzera hupenyu kusvika ku1.144 ~ 1.533 nguva.Yakave yakadzidzwawo kuti Cu simbi layer uye Ni-W alloy coating inoshandiswa pane zino pamusoro peCu-Cr-P alloy cast iron giya kuvandudza simba rayo;Ni-W uye Ni-Co alloy coating inoiswa pazino pamusoro peHT250 cast iron giya kuti ivandudze kupfekedzwa kwekupfeka ne4 ~ 6 nguva zvichienzaniswa negiya risina kuvharwa.