Theknoloji ea ho roala li-gear

Theknoloji ea "PVD deposition" e 'nile ea sebelisoa ka lilemo tse ngata e le theknoloji e ncha ea ho fetola holim'a metsi, haholo-holo theknoloji ea ho roala ion ea vacuum, e tsoetseng pele haholo lilemong tsa morao tjena 'me e se e sebelisoa haholo ho phekola lisebelisoa, hlobo, mehele ea piston, likere le likarolo tse ling. .Li-gear tse koahetsoeng tse lokiselitsoeng ke theknoloji ea "vacuum ion coating" li ka fokotsa sekhahla sa likhohlano, tsa ntlafatsa li-anti-wear le li-anti-corrosion tse itseng, 'me e se e le sepheo le sebaka se chesang sa lipatlisiso lefapheng la mahlale a matlafatsang bokaholimo ba lisebelisoa.

Lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisoang bakeng sa likere haholo-holo ke tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe, litšepe tse se nang ferrous (koporo, aluminium) le polasetiki.Tšepe haholo-holo ke tšepe ea 45, 35SiMn, 40Cr, 40CrNi, 40MnB, 38CrMoAl.Tšepe ea carbon e tlaase haholo-holo e sebelisoang ho 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, 20MnB, 20CrMnTo.Tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe e sebelisoa haholo ka likere ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona e ntle, ha tšepe e entsoeng ka tšepe e atisa ho sebelisoa ho etsa lisebelisoa tse bophara ba 400mm le sebopeho se rarahaneng.Li-gear tsa tšepe tse khahlanong le sekhomaretsi le ho hanyetsa likoti, empa ho haella ha tšusumetso le ho roala ho hanyetsa, haholo-holo bakeng sa mosebetsi o tsitsitseng, matla ha a lebelo le tlaase kapa boholo bo boholo le sebōpeho se rarahaneng, a ka sebetsa tlas'a boemo ba ho hloka lubrication, e loketseng ho buloa. phetiso.Litšepe tse se nang ferrous tse atisang ho sebelisoa ke boronse ba tin, aluminium- iron bronze le alloy ea aluminium e entsoeng ka tšepe, e atisang ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa li-turbine kapa likere, empa thepa ea ho thella le e thibelang ho hohla ha e ntle, feela bakeng sa mojaro o bobebe, o mahareng le lebelo le tlase. likere.Li-gear tsa thepa e se nang tšepe li sebelisoa haholo-holo masimong a mang a nang le litlhoko tse khethehileng, joalo ka ho tlotsa ho se nang oli le ho ts'epahala haholo.Sebaka sa maemo a joalo ka tšilafalo e tlase, joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa ntlo, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, mechini ea lijo le mechini ea masela.

Lisebelisoa tsa ho roala li-gear

Lisebelisoa tsa ceramic tsa boenjiniere ke lisebelisoa tse ts'episang haholo tse nang le matla a phahameng le ho thatafala, haholo-holo ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng haholo, mocheso o tlaase oa mocheso le katoloso ea mocheso, ho hanyetsa ho apara ho phahameng le ho hanyetsa oxidation.Liphuputso tse ngata li bontšitse hore lisebelisoa tsa ceramic ka tlhaho ha li na mocheso ebile li na le ts'ebetso e tlase ea tšepe.Ka hona, tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ceramic ho e-na le lisebelisoa tsa tšepe bakeng sa likarolo tse sa tsitsang li ka ntlafatsa bophelo ba ho ferekanngoa, ho ka finyella tse ling tsa mocheso o phahameng le lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa ho apara, tse ngata tse sebetsang le tse ling tse thata.Hona joale, lisebelisoa tsa boenjiniere tsa ceramic li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ha ho etsoa likarolo tse sa keneleng mocheso oa enjene, phetisetso ea mochine likarolong tse apereng, lisebelisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale likarolong tse sa tsitsang le ho tiisa, li ntse li eketseha ho bontša tšebeliso e pharaletseng ea litebello tsa thepa ea ceramic.

Linaha tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka Jeremane, Japane, United States, United Kingdom le linaha tse ling li nka bohlokoa bo boholo ho nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea thepa ea boenjiniere ea ceramic, ho tsetela chelete e ngata le basebetsi ho nts'etsapele mohopolo oa ts'ebetso le thekenoloji ea lirafshoa tsa boenjiniere.Jeremane e thehile lenaneo le bitsoang "SFB442", sepheo sa eona e leng ho sebelisa theknoloji ea PVD ho kopanya filimi e loketseng holim'a likarolo ho nkela sebaka se ka bang kotsi sa ho tlotsa tikolohong le 'meleng oa motho.PW Gold le ba bang ba Jeremane ba sebelisitse chelete e tsoang ho SFB442 ho sebelisa theknoloji ea PVD ho kenya lifilimi tse tšesaane holim'a li-bearings 'me ba fumana hore ts'ebetso e khahlanong le ho roala ha li-bearings e ntlafalitsoe haholo,' me lifilimi tse behiloeng holim'a metsi li ka nkela sebaka ka ho feletseng sebaka. mosebetsi oa khatello e feteletseng ea li-anti-wear additives.Joachim, Franz et al.Jeremane e sebelisitse theknoloji ea PVD ho lokisetsa lifilimi tsa WC/C tse bontšang litšobotsi tse ntle tse thibelang mokhathala, tse phahameng ho feta tsa mafura a nang le li-additives tsa EP, e leng sephetho se tšoanang se fanang ka monyetla oa ho nkela li-additives tse kotsi sebaka ka liphahlo.E. Lugscheider et al.ea Institute of Materials Science, Technical University of Aachen, Germany, ka chelete e tsoang ho DFG (GermanResearch Commission), e bontšitse keketseho e kholo ea ho hanyetsa mokhathala ka mor'a ho kenya lifilimi tse loketseng ho tšepe ea 100Cr6 e sebelisang theknoloji ea PVD.Ho feta moo, United States General Motors e se e qalile filimi ea eona ea mofuta oa VolvoS80Turbo ea mofuta oa koloi ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa mokhathala;khamphani e tummeng ea Timken e phatlalalitse lebitso la filimi ea ES200 gear surface;Letšoao la khoebo le ngolisitsoeng la MAXIT la ho roala liaparo le hlahile Jeremane;Letšoao la khoebo le ngolisitsoeng Graphit-iC le Dymon-iC ka ho latellana Li-coatings tsa Gear tse nang le matšoao a ngolisitsoeng a Graphit-iC le Dymon-iC le tsona lia fumaneha UK.

Joaloka likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa phetisetso ea mochini, likere li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa indastering, ka hona ho bohlokoa haholo ho ithuta ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ceramic ho likere.Hajoale, lirafshoa tsa boenjiniere tse sebelisoang ho likere ke tse latelang haholo.

1. Lera la ho roala la TiN
1, TIN

Ion coating TiN ceramic layer ke e 'ngoe ea liphahlo tse fetotsoeng ka ho fetisisa tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa holim'a metsi a nang le boima bo phahameng, matla a ho khomarela a phahameng, coefficient e tlaase ea likhohlano, khanyetso e ntle ea kutu, joalo-joalo E sebelisitsoe haholo libakeng tse sa tšoaneng, haholo-holo indastering ea lisebelisoa le hlobo.Lebaka le ka sehloohong le amang ts'ebeliso ea koae ea ceramic holim'a likere ke bothata ba tlamahano lipakeng tsa ho roala ka ceramic le substrate.Kaha maemo a ts'ebetso le lintlha tse susumetsang tsa likere li rarahane ho feta tsa lisebelisoa le hlobo, ts'ebeliso ea lesela le le leng la TiN kalafong ea bokaholimo ba lisebelisoa e thibetsoe haholo.Le hoja ho roala ka ceramic ho na le melemo ea boima bo phahameng, coefficient e tlaase ea likhohlano le ho hanyetsa kutu, e boreleli ebile e thata ho fumana lesela le lengata, ka hona e hloka boima bo phahameng le substrate e matla e phahameng ho tšehetsa seaparo e le hore se bapalle litšobotsi tsa sona.Ka hona, ho roala ka ceramic ho sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa carbide le holim'a tšepe e phahameng ka lebelo.Lisebelisoa tsa gear li bonolo ha li bapisoa le thepa ea ceramic, 'me phapang pakeng tsa tlhaho ea substrate le seaparo se seholo, kahoo motsoako oa ho roala le substrate o futsanehile,' me ho roala ha hoa lekana ho tšehetsa seaparo, ho etsa. ho roala ha bonolo ha ho ntse ho sebelisoa, ha se feela ho ke keng ha bapala melemo ea ho roala ka ceramic, empa likaroloana tsa ho roala ka ceramic tse oelang li tla baka ho senyeha ha lisebelisoa, ho potlakisa ho lahleheloa ke lisebelisoa.Tharollo ea hona joale ke ho sebelisa theknoloji e kopantsoeng ea phekolo ea holim'a metsi ho ntlafatsa maqhama pakeng tsa ceramic le substrate.Theknoloji e kopantsoeng ea phekolo ea holim'a metsi e bolela motsoako oa ho roala ha mouoane oa 'mele le mekhoa e meng ea phekolo ea holim'a metsi, ho sebelisa libaka tse peli tse arohaneng ho fetola bokaholimo ba thepa ea substrate ho fumana thepa ea mochini e ke keng ea finyelloa ka ts'ebetso e le 'ngoe ea kalafo. .Koala e entsoeng ka motsoako oa TiN e kentsoeng ke ion nitriding le PVD ke e 'ngoe ea litlolo tse entsoeng ka bongata tse entsoeng lipatlisiso.The plasma nitriding substrate le TiN ceramic composite coating li na le maqhama a matla 'me ho hanyetsa ho apara ho ntlafatsoa haholo.

Botenya bo nepahetseng ba lera la filimi ea TiN e nang le khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala le tlamahano ea motheo ea filimi e ka ba 3 ~ 4μm.Haeba botenya ba lera la filimi bo ka tlase ho 2μm, ho hanyetsa ho apara ho ke ke ha ntlafatsoa haholo.Haeba botenya ba lera la filimi bo feta 5μm, tlamahano ea motheo ea filimi e tla fokotseha.

2, Multi-layer, multi-component TiN coat

Ka ts'ebeliso ea butle-butle le e atileng ea lintja tsa TiN, ho na le liphuputso tse ngata le ho feta mabapi le mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa liphahlo tsa TiN.Lilemong tsa morao tjena, liphahlo tse nang le likarolo tse ngata le li-multilayer li 'nile tsa etsoa ho itšetlehile ka liphahlo tsa binary tsa TiN, tse kang Ti-CN, Ti-CNB, Ti-Al-N, Ti-BN, (Tix,Cr1-x)N, TiN. / Al2O3, joalo-joalo Ka ho eketsa lintlha tse kang Al le Si ho liaparo tsa TiN, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng oa oxidation le ho thatafala ha liaparo ho ka ntlafatsoa, ​​ha ho eketsa lintlha tse kang B ho ka ntlafatsa ho thatafala le ho khomarela matla a ho roala.

Ka lebaka la ho rarahana ha sebopeho sa likarolo tse ngata, ho na le likhang tse ngata thutong ena.Thutong ea (Tix,Cr1-x)N lijalo tsa multicomponent, ho na le phehisano e kholo liphethong tsa lipatlisiso.Batho ba bang ba lumela hore litlolo tsa (Tix,Cr1-x)N li thehiloe ho TiN, 'me Cr e ka ba teng feela ka mokhoa oa ho fetola tharollo e tiileng ka har'a matrix a matheba a TiN, empa eseng joalo ka karolo e arohaneng ea CrN.Liphuputso tse ling li bontša hore palo ea liathomo tsa Cr tse nkang ka kotloloho liathomo tsa Ti sebakeng sa (Tix,Cr1-x)N li na le moeli,' me Cr e setseng e teng sebakeng sa singlet kapa e etsa metsoako le N. Liphetho tsa liteko li bontša hore tlatsetso ea Cr ho ea ho roala ho fokotsa boholo ba karolo ea bokaholimo le ho eketsa boima, 'me boima ba ho roala bo fihla ho boleng ba eona bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ha karolo ea boima ba Cr e fihla ho 3l%, empa khatello ea ka hare ea ho roala e boetse e fihla boleng ba eona bo phahameng.

3. Lera le leng la ho roala

Ntle le liphahlo tse sebelisoang hangata tsa TiN, ho sebelisoa lirafshoa tse ngata tse fapaneng tsa boenjiniere bakeng sa ho matlafatsa bokaholimo ba lisebelisoa.

(1)Y.Terauchi et al.ea Japane e ile ea ithuta ka ho hanyetsa ho roaloa ha titanium carbide kapa titanium nitride ceramic gears e kentsoeng ke mokhoa oa ho beha mouoane.Li-gear li ne li khabisitsoe 'me li bentšitsoe ho fihlela boima ba bokaholimo ba HV720 le bokaholimo ba 2.4 μm pele bo koahetsoe, 'me liphahlo tsa ceramic li ne li lokisoa ka mouoane oa lik'hemik'hale (CVD) bakeng sa titanium carbide le ka ho beha mouoane oa' mele (PVD) bakeng sa nitride ea titanium, e nang le botenya ba filimi ea ceramic e ka bang 2 μm.Thepa ea ho roala ha likhohlano e ne e batlisisoa ka boteng ba oli le likhohlano tse omileng, ka ho latellana.Ho ile ha fumanoa hore khanyetso ea galling le khanyetso ea khanyetso ea lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa li matlafalitsoe haholo ka mor'a ho roala ka ceramic.

2Boithuto bo bonts'a hore boima ba bokaholimo ba seaparo sena se kopantsoeng bo ntlafalitsoe ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, 'me seaparo se tlamahane hantle le substrate mme se na le khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala.

(3) WC / C, B4C filimi e tšesaane
M. Murakawa et al., Lefapha la Boenjiniere ba Mechanical, Setsi sa Theknoloji sa Japane, ba sebelisitse theknoloji ea PVD ho kenya filimi e tšesaane ea WC/C holim'a likere, 'me bophelo ba eona ba ts'ebeletso e ne e le makhetlo a mararo ho feta ba likere tse tloaelehileng tse tingoeng le tse fatše tlas'a oli- maemo a mahala a lubrication.Franz J le al.e sebelisitse theknoloji ea PVD ho kenya filimi e tšesaane ea WC/C le B4C holim'a li-gear tsa FEZ-A le FEZ-C, 'me teko e bontšitse hore ho roala ha PVD ho fokolitse ho hohlana ha gear haholo, ho entse hore gear e se ke ea hlaseloa ke gluing e chesang kapa gluing. le ho ntlafatsa matla a ho jara thepa.

(4) Lifilimi tsa CrN
Lifilimi tsa CrN li tšoana le lifilimi tsa TiN ka hore li na le boima bo phahameng, 'me lifilimi tsa CrN li hanyetsana le mocheso o phahameng oa oxidation ho feta TiN, li na le khanyetso e ntle ea kutu, khatello e tlaase ea ka hare ho feta lifilimi tsa TiN, le boima bo batlang bo le betere.Chen Ling et o lokiselitse filimi e sa sebetseng ea TiAlCrN/CrN e nang le tlamo e ntle haholo e thehiloeng filiming holim'a HSS, hape a fana ka tlhahiso ea khopolo ea dislocation stacking ea filimi ea multilayer, haeba phapang ea matla a dislocation lipakeng tsa mekhahlelo e 'meli e le kholo, ho senyeha hoa etsahala. ka lera e 'ngoe tla ba thata ho tšela segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo lona ka lera tse ling, kahoo ho etsa dislocation stacking ka segokanyimmediamentsi sa sebolokigolo le ho bapala karolo ea ho matlafatsa lintho tse bonahalang.Zhong Bin et o ithutile phello ea litaba tsa naetrojene sebopehong sa mohato le thepa ea ho roala e sa lumellaneng ea lifilimi tsa CrNx, mme boithuto bo bonts'itse hore tlhoro ea Cr2N (211) ea ho fapana lifiliming e ile ea fokola butle-butle mme tlhoro ea CrN (220) ea ntlafatsoa butle butle ka keketseho. ea litaba tsa N2, likaroloana tse kholo tse holim'a filimi li ile tsa fokotseha butle-butle 'me bokaholimo bo ne bo batla bo bataletse.Ha aeration ea N2 e ne e le 25 ml / min (taelo ea mohloli oa arc current e ne e le 75 A, filimi ea CrN e kentsoeng e na le boleng bo botle ba holim'a metsi, boima bo botle le ho hanyetsa ho apara hantle ha N2 aeration e le 25ml / min (taelo ea mohloli oa arc current ke 75A, e mpe. khatello ke 100V).

(5) Filimi e matla haholo
Filimi ea Superhard ke filimi e tiileng e thata ho feta 40GPa, khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala, ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng le khohlano e tlase le coefficient e tlase ea katoloso ea mocheso, haholo filimi ea daemane ea amorphous le filimi ea CN.Lifilimi tsa daemane tsa Amorphous li na le thepa ea amorphous, ha li na sebopeho se laetsoeng ka nako e telele, 'me li na le palo e kholo ea litlamo tsa CC tetrahedral, kahoo li boetse li bitsoa lifilimi tsa tetrahedral amorphous carbon.Joaloka mofuta oa filimi ea carbon ea amorphous, ho roala ha daemane (DLC) ho na le lintho tse ngata tse babatsehang tse ts'oanang le taemane, tse kang mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso, boima bo phahameng, modulus e phahameng ea elastic, coefficient e tlaase ea ho atolosa mocheso, botsitso bo botle ba lik'hemik'hale, ho hanyetsa ho apara hantle le khohlano e tlase.Ho bontšitsoe hore ho roala lifilimi tse kang daemane holim'a lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa ho ka lelefatsa bophelo ba tšebeletso ka karolo ea 6 le ho ntlafatsa haholo ho hanyetsa mokhathala.Lifilimi tsa CN, tse tsejoang hape e le lifilimi tsa amorphous carbon-nitrogen, li na le sebopeho sa kristale se ts'oanang le sa metsoako ea β-Si3N4 covalent mme e boetse e tsejoa e le β-C3N4.Liu le Cohen et al.e entse lipalo tse matla tsa theory ka ho sebelisa lipalo tsa sehlopha sa pseudopotential ho tloha molaong oa pele oa tlhaho, e tiisitse hore β-C3N4 e na le matla a maholo a tlamang, sebopeho se tsitsitseng sa mochini, bonyane mmuso o le mong o tsitsitseng o ka ba teng, mme modulus ea eona ea elastic e bapisoa le daemane, e nang le thepa e ntle, e ka ntlafatsang ka katleho boima ba holim'a metsi le ho apara ho hanyetsa thepa le ho fokotsa coefficient ea likhohlano.

6
Liaparo tse ling tse sa sebetseng tsa alloy le tsona li lekiloe ho sebelisoa ho likere, mohlala, ho beoa ha Ni-P-Co alloy layer holim'a leino la 45 # likere tsa tšepe ke lera la alloy ho fumana mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa lijo-thollo tse ntle haholo, e ka lelefatsang bophelo ho fihlela makhetlo a 1.144 ~ 1.533.Ho boetse ho ithutoa hore Cu metal layer le Ni-W alloy coating li sebelisoa holim'a leino la Cu-Cr-P alloy cast iron gear ho ntlafatsa matla a lona;Ho roala ha Ni-W le Ni-Co alloy ho sebelisoa holim'a leino la HT250 lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ho roala ka makhetlo a 4 ~ 6 ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tse sa koahetsoeng.