Isiliva yake yaba yinto esetshenziswa kakhulu yensimbi kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-1930s, lapho kwakuyifilimu ebonisayo eyinhloko yezinsimbi ezibonakalayo ezinembayo, ngokuvamile ezifakwe oketshezini ngokwekhemikhali. Indlela yokucwenga amakhemikhali awuketshezi yayisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izibuko ezizosetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, futhi kulolu hlelo lokusebenza kwasetshenziswa ungqimba oluncane lwethayela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ifilimu yesiliva iboshelwe endaweni yengilazi, eyayivikelwe ngokufakwa koqweqwe lwangaphandle lwethusi. Ekusetshenzisweni kwendawo yangaphandle, isiliva isabela nomoya-mpilo emoyeni futhi ilahlekelwa ukucwebezela kwayo ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-silver sulfide. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokukhanya okuphezulu kwefilimu yesiliva ngemva nje kokucwenga kanye neqiniso lokuthi isiliva liyahwamuka kalula, lisasetshenziswa njengento evamile ukuze kusetshenziswe izingxenye zesikhashana. Isiliva libuye lisetshenziswe kaningi ezingxenyeni ezidinga ukumbozwa kwesikhashana, njengamapuleti e-interferometer okuhlola ukucaba. Esigabeni esilandelayo, sizobhekana ngokugcwele namafilimu esiliva anezingubo zokuzivikela.
Ngawo-1930, uJohn Strong, iphayona lezibuko zezinkanyezi, washintsha amafilimu esiliva akhiqizwe ngamakhemikhali wafaka amafilimu e-aluminium enziwe ngumhwamuko.
I-Aluminiyamu iyinsimbi evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakeni izibuko ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwayo kalula, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet okuhle, ukubonakala okubonakalayo kwe-infrared, kanye nekhono layo lokunamathela ngokuqinile ezintweni eziningi, kuhlanganise namapulasitiki. Nakuba ungqimba oluncane lwe-oxide luhlala lwakha phezu kwezibuko ze-aluminium ngokushesha nje ngemva kokucwecwa, okusiza ukuvimbela ukugqwala okuqhubekayo kwesibuko, ukubonakala kwezibuko ze-aluminium kusancipha kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekusetshenzisweni, ikakhulukazi uma isibuko se-aluminium sivezwa ngokuphelele emsebenzini wangaphandle, uthuli nokungcola kuqoqa ngokungenakuvinjelwa endaweni yesibuko, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukubukeka. Ukusebenza kwezinsimbi eziningi akuthintwa kakhulu ngokuncipha kancane kokubonakala. Kodwa-ke, kulezo zimo lapho inhloso kuwukuqoqa inani eliphakeme lamandla okukhanya, njengoba kunzima ukuhlanza izibuko ze-aluminium ngaphandle kokulimaza ungqimba lwefilimu, izingxenye ezihlanganisiwe ziphinde zifakwe kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kuma-reflector telescopes. Ngenxa yokuthi izibuko eziyinhloko zikhulu kakhulu futhi zinzima, izibuko eziyinhloko zesibonakude zivame ukuphinda zifakwe minyaka yonke ngomshini wokumboza ofakwe ngokukhethekile endaweni yokuhlola, futhi ngokuvamile azijikeleziswa ngesikhathi sokuhwamuka, kodwa kunalokho imithombo eminingi yokuhwamuka isetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufana kokuqina kwefilimu. I-Aluminium isasetshenziswa kumabonakude amaningi namuhla, kodwa ezinye zezibonakude ezintsha zifakwe umoya ngamafilimu ensimbi athuthuke kakhulu ahlanganisa okokuvikela okuyisiliva.
Igolide cishe liyinto ehamba phambili yokunamathisela amafilimu akhanyayo nge-infrared. Njengoba ukubonakala kwamafilimu egolide kuncipha ngokushesha endaweni ebonakalayo, ngokwenza amafilimu egolide asetshenziswa kuphela kumaza wamaza angaphezu kuka-700 nm. Uma igolide ligqitshwe engilazini, lenza ifilimu ethambile engase ilimale. Kodwa-ke, igolide linamathela ngokuqinile ku-chromium noma i-nickel-chromium (amafilimu amelana namafilimu angu-80% nickel nama-20% e-chromium), ngakho-ke i-chromium noma i-nickel-chromium ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesendlalelo se-spacer phakathi kwefilimu yegolide ne-substrate yengilazi.
I-Rhodium (Rh) ne-platinum (Pt) reflectivity iphansi kakhulu kunezinye izinsimbi ezishiwo ngenhla, futhi isetshenziswa kuphela kulezo zimo lapho kunezidingo ezikhethekile zokumelana nokugqwala. Womabili amafilimu ensimbi anamathela ngokuqinile engilazini. Izibuko zamazinyo zivame ukumbozwa nge-rhodium ngoba zichayeka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zangaphandle futhi kufanele zibulawe amagciwane ngokushisa. Ifilimu ye-Rhodium iphinde isetshenziswe ezibukweni zezinye izimoto, ezivame ukuba izibonisi zangaphambili ezingaphandle kwemoto, futhi ezingenwa isimo sezulu, izinqubo zokuhlanza, nokunakekelwa okwengeziwe lapho kwenziwa ukuhlanza. Izihloko zangaphambilini zaphawula ukuthi inzuzo yefilimu ye-rhodium ukuthi inikeza ukuzinza okungcono kunefilimu ye-aluminium.
-Le ndatshana ikhishwe nguumenzi womshini we-vacuum coatingI-Guangdong Zhenhua
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-27-2024