Izingubo zokusika zamathuluzi zithuthukisa ukungqubuzana nokugqoka izakhiwo zamathuluzi okusika, yingakho zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kokusika.Iminyaka eminingi, abahlinzeki bezobuchwepheshe bokucubungula indawo bebelokhu bethuthukisa izixazululo zokugqoka ezenziwe ngokwezifiso ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqoka kwamathuluzi okusika, ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nempilo yesevisi.Inselele eyingqayizivele ivela ekunakekelweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezine: (i) ukucubungula kwangaphambili nangemuva kokumbozwa kwezindawo zamathuluzi okusika;(ii) izinto zokumboza;(iii) izakhiwo zokumboza;kanye (iv) nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obudidiyelwe bamathuluzi okusika ahlanganisiwe.
Ukusika imithombo yokugqoka ithuluzi
Ngesikhathi sokusika, ezinye izindlela zokugqoka zenzeka endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi kwethuluzi lokusika kanye nezinto zokusebenza.Isibonelo, ukuguga okuboshiwe phakathi kwe-chip nendawo yokusika, ukuguga kwethuluzi ngamaphoyinti aqinile endaweni yokusebenza, nokuguga okubangelwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okungqubuzana (ukusabela kwamakhemikhali wento ebangelwa isenzo semishini namazinga okushisa aphezulu).Njengoba lezi zingcindezi eziphikisanayo zinciphisa amandla okusika ithuluzi lokusika futhi zifinyeze impilo yamathuluzi, zithinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemishini yethuluzi lokusika.
I-surface coating inciphisa umphumela wokungqubuzana, kuyilapho isisekelo sethuluzi lokusika sisekela ukugqoka futhi sidonsa ukucindezeleka komshini.Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kwesistimu yokukhuhlana kungasindisa okubalulekile futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphezu kokwandisa umkhiqizo.
Indima yokumboza ekunciphiseni izindleko zokucubungula
Ukuphila kwamathuluzi kuyisici esibalulekile sezindleko emjikelezweni wokukhiqiza.Phakathi kokunye, ukuphila kwamathuluzi okusika kungachazwa ngokuthi isikhathi somshini singenziwa ngomshini ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ngaphambi kokuba kudingeke ukulungiswa.Uma ithuluzi lokusika lithatha isikhathi eside, izindleko ziyancipha ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokukhiqiza kanye nomsebenzi omncane wokulungisa okufanele uwenze.
Ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphakeme kakhulu, impilo yokusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lokusika inganwetshwa nge-coating, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise kakhulu izindleko zemishini.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusika ithuluzi enamathela kunganciphisa isidingo uketshezi lubricating.Akugcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi kusiza ukuvikela imvelo.
Umthelela wokucutshungulwa kwangaphambili nangemuva kokumboza ekukhiqizeni
Emisebenzini yokusika yesimanje, amathuluzi okusika adinga ukuthwala izingcindezi eziphezulu (>2 GPa), amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nemijikelezo eqhubekayo yokucindezeleka okushisayo.Ngaphambi nangemva kokumbozwa kwethuluzi lokusika, kufanele liphathwe ngenqubo efanele.
Ngaphambi kokusika i-coating yamathuluzi, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelashwa zingasetshenziswa ukulungiselela inqubo yokugqoka elandelayo, kuyilapho kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunamathela kokugqoka.Ngokusebenza ngokuhambisana ne-coating, ukulungiswa kwethuluzi lokusika kungandisa futhi isivinini sokusika kanye nezinga lokuphakelayo, futhi kwandise impilo yethuluzi lokusika.
I-coating post-processing (ukulungiswa konqenqema, ukucutshungulwa kwendawo kanye nokwakheka) nakho kudlala indima enqumayo ekwenziweni kahle kwethuluzi lokusika, ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukuguga okungenzeka kusenesikhathi ngokwakhiwa kwe-chip (ukubopha impahla yocezu lokusebenzela onqenqemeni lokusika ithuluzi).
Ukucatshangelwa kwe-coating kanye nokukhetha
Izidingo zokusebenza zokumboza zingahluka kakhulu.Ngaphansi kwezimo zomshini lapho izinga lokushisa lokusika liphezulu, izici zokugqoka ezimelana nokushisa ze-coating ziba zibaluleke kakhulu.Kulindeleke ukuthi izigqoko zesimanje kufanele futhi zibe nezici ezilandelayo: ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukumelana ne-oxidation, ubulukhuni obuphezulu (ngisho namazinga okushisa aphezulu), kanye nokuqina kwe-microscopic (plasticity) ngokuklanywa kwezingqimba ze-nanostructured.
Ngamathuluzi okusika asebenzayo, ukunamathela kwe-coating okulungiselelwe kanye nokusabalalisa okunengqondo kokucindezeleka okuyinsalela yizici ezimbili ezibalulekile.Okokuqala, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-substrate kanye nezinto zokumboza.Okwesibili, kufanele kube nokuhambisana okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi kwezinto zokumboza kanye nezinto okufanele zicutshungulwe.Amathuba okunamathela phakathi kwe-coating kanye ne-workpiece ingancishiswa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-geometry yethuluzi elifanele kanye nokupholisha ukugqoka.
Izingubo ezisekelwe ku-Aluminium (isb. i-AlTiN) zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto zokusika zamathuluzi embonini yokusika.Ngaphansi kwesenzo samazinga okushisa aphakeme okusika, lezi zembatho ezisekelwe ku-aluminium zingakha ungqimba oluncane noluminyene lwe-aluminium oxide oluhlala luzivuselela ngesikhathi somshini, luvikela ukumboza kanye ne-substrate engaphansi kwayo ekuhlaselweni kwe-oxidative.
Ukuqina nokusebenza kokumelana ne-oxidation kwe-coating kungalungiswa ngokushintsha okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium kanye nesakhiwo sokumboza.Isibonelo, ngokwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium, usebenzisa i-nano-structures noma i-micro-alloying (okungukuthi, i-alloying enezici eziphansi zokuqukethwe), ukumelana ne-oxidation ye-coating kungathuthukiswa.
Ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali wezinto zokugqoka, izinguquko ekwakhiweni kokugqoka zingathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kokugqoka.Ukusebenza kwethuluzi elihlukile lokusika kuncike ekusatshalalisweni kwezakhi ezahlukahlukene kusakhiwo se-coating micro.
Kulezi zinsuku, ungqimba oluningi olunamakhemikhali oluhlukene olunamakhemikhali ahlukene lungahlanganiswa lube ungqimba oluhlanganisiwe oluhlanganisayo ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza okufunayo.Lo mkhuba uzoqhubeka nokuthuthuka esikhathini esizayo - ikakhulukazi ngezinhlelo zokumboza ezintsha nezinqubo zokumboza, ezifana nokuhwamuka kwe-arc ye-HI3 (High Ionization Triple) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokunamathela obuxubile obuhlanganisa izinqubo ezintathu zokumboza ezine-ionized zibe yinto eyodwa.
Njengokwemboza okuyindilinga, izembatho ezisekelwe ku-titanium-silicon (TiSi) zinikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu.Lezi zimbobo zingasetshenziselwa ukucubungula kokubili izinsimbi ezinobulukhuni obuphakeme ezinokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwe-carbide (ukuqina okuyinhloko kufika ku-HRC 65) nezinsimbi zokuqina okumaphakathi (ukuqina okuyisisekelo HRC 40).Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokumboza kungashintshwa ngokufanele kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene zomshini.Ngenxa yalokho, amathuluzi okusika asekelwe ku-silicone asekelwe ku-titanium angasetshenziselwa ukusika nokucubungula izinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokusebenza ezivela ezinsimbi eziphezulu, ezine-alloyed kuya ezinsimbi eziqinile kanye nama-alloys e-titanium.Ukuhlolwa kokusika okuphezulu kuma-workpieces ayisicaba (ukuqina kwe-HRC 44) kubonise ukuthi amathuluzi okusika anamathiselwe angakhuphula impilo yayo cishe izikhathi ezimbili futhi anciphise ukuhwaqaza kwendawo cishe izikhathi eziyi-10.
I-titanium-silicon based based coating inciphisa ukupholisha kwangaphezulu okulandelayo.Izembatho ezinjalo zizolindeleka ukuthi zisetshenziselwe ukucubungula ngesivinini esikhulu sokusika, amazinga okushisa aphezulu onqenqemeni kanye namazinga aphezulu okukhishwa kwensimbi.
Kwezinye izinto zokumboza ze-PVD (ikakhulukazi ezine-alloyed micro-alloyed), izinkampani zokumboza nazo zisebenzisana eduze namaphrosesa ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zokucubungula indawo.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa okuphawulekayo ekusebenzeni kahle komshini, ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi okusika, ikhwalithi yomshini, kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukumboza kanye nomshini kungenzeka, futhi kuyasebenza ngempela.Ngokusebenzisana nozakwethu wokwembathisa ochwepheshe, abasebenzisi bangakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi abo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wabo wempilo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-07-2022